ArticleJournal of virology2009
Detection of mammalian virulence determinants in highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses: multivariate analysis of published data.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rule-based meta-analysis reveals the major role of PB2 in influencing influenza A virus virulence in mice.BMC genomics · 2019Pooled it
- Epidemiological and Genomic Characterization of H5 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses in Jining City, 2024-2025.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Limited 'heft' of weight-based outcomes in predicting influenza A virus disease severity in ferrets.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Article
- H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1e lineage transition in Lao PDR during 2023-2024 associated with regional spread and human infection risk-associated receptor-binding features.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Genetic characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N8 virus isolated from commercial poultry farms in Egypt reveals zoonotic potential.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Machine learning approaches for influenza A virus risk assessment identifies predictive correlates using ferret model in vivo data.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Data alchemy, from lab to insight: Transforming in vivo experiments into data science gold.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Molecular characterization of the whole genome of H9N2 avian influenza virus isolated from Egyptian poultry farms.Archives of virology · 2024Article
- Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Outbreak 2024 in Cambodia: Worries Over the Possible Spread of the Virus to Other Asian Nations and the Strategic Outlook for its Control.Environmental health insights · 2024Article
- Deep mutational scanning reveals the functional constraints and evolutionary potential of the influenza A virus PB1 protein.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- A cross-sectional study of avian influenza A virus in Myanmar live bird markets: Detection of a newly introduced H9N2?Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Global review of the H5N8 avian influenza virus subtype.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Phylogenetic and Phylogeographic Analysis of the Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus in China.Viruses · 2022Article
- Article
- Genetic and Antigenic Characteristics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses Circulating in Domestic Poultry in Egypt, 2017-2021.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Emergence of a Novel Reassortant H5N3 Avian Influenza Virus in Korean Mallard Ducks in 2018.Intervirology · 2022Article
- Identifying risk factors of developing type 2 diabetes from an adult population with initial prediabetes using a Bayesian network.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Genetic Characterization and Pathogenesis of Three Novel Reassortant H5N2 Viruses in South Korea, 2018.Viruses · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 infects water and land fowl and can infect and cause mortality in mammals, including humans. However, HPAI H5N1 strains are not equally virulent in mammals, and some strains have been shown to cause only mild symptoms in experimental infections. Since most experimental studies of the basis of virulence in mammals have been small in scale, we undertook a meta-analysis of available experimental studies and used Bayesian graphical models (BGM) to increase the power of inference. We applied text-mining techniques to identify 27 individual studies that experimentally determined pathogenicity in HPAI H5N1 strains comprising 69 complete genome sequences. Amino acid sequence data in all 11 genes were coded as binary data for the presence or absence of mutations related to virulence in mammals or nonconsensus residues. Sites previously implicated as virulence determinants were examined for association with virulence in mammals in this data set, and the sites with the most significant association were selected for further BGM analysis. The analyses show that virulence in mammals is a complex genetic trait directly influenced by mutations in polymerase basic 1 (PB1) and PB2, nonstructural 1 (NS1), and hemagglutinin (HA) genes. Several intra- and intersegment correlations were also found, and we postulate that there may be two separate virulence mechanisms involving particular combinations of polymerase and NS1 mutations or of NS1 and HA mutations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.