ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2009
HIV subtype D is associated with dementia, compared with subtype A, in immunosuppressed individuals at risk of cognitive impairment in Kampala, Uganda.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between HIV-1 neuroinflammation, neurocognitive impairment and encephalitis pathology: A systematic review of studies investigating post-mortem brain tissue.Reviews in medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and variability of HIV/AIDS-associated neurocognitive impairments in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Epidemiology of neurodegenerative diseases in the East African region: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- The Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Neurocognitive Outcomes Among People Living with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Epidemiology of neurodegenerative diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2014Pooled it
- Assessment of neurocognitive deficits in people living with HIV in Sub Saharan Africa: A systematic review.The Clinical neuropsychologistPooled it
- Current and historic HIV-1 molecular epidemiology in paediatric and adult population from Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Neruodevelopmental Outcomes in Preschool Children Living With HIV-1 Subtypes A and D in Uganda.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2018Trial
- Absence of neurocognitive disadvantage associated with paediatric HIV subtype A infection in children on antiretroviral therapy.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2017Trial
- Improved neuropsychological and neurological functioning across three antiretroviral regimens in diverse resource-limited settings: AIDS Clinical Trials Group study a5199, the International Neurological Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2012Trial
- Neurocognitive impairment and psychiatric comorbidity in well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus-infected Thais from the 2NN Cohort Study.Journal of neurovirology · 2010Trial
- Expression of intron-containing HIV-1 RNA induces NLRP1 inflammasome activation in myeloid cells.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Single-cell delineation of strain-specific HIV-1 Vif activities using dual reporter sensor cells and live cell imaging.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- A pilot investigation of the association between HIV-1 Vpr amino acid sequence diversity and the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway as a potential mechanism for neurocognitive impairment.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Implications of the 375W mutation for HIV-1 tropism and vaccine development.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Sex differences in cognitive function among people with HIV-1 clade C infection in Northern India.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Article
- Transmitted/founder SHIV.D replicates in the brain, causes neuropathogenesis, and persists on combination antiretroviral therapy in rhesus macaques.Retrovirology · 2023Article
- Screening HIV associated neurocognitive disorders using international HIV dementia scale: closing the gap through an educational intervention for healthcare workers.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Article
- Detection of Patient HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Russia's Northwestern Federal District in Patients with Treatment Failure.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cultural Neuropsychology Considerations in the Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the United States, clade B is the predominant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) subtype, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, clades A, C, and D are the predominant subtypes. HIV subtype may have an impact on HIV disease progression. The effect of HIV subtype on the risk of dementia has, to our knowledge, not been examined. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between HIV subtype and the severity of HIV-associated cognitive impairment among individuals initiating antiretroviral therapy in Uganda.
methodsSixty antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected individuals with advanced immunosuppression who were at risk of HIV-associated cognitive impairment underwent neurological, neuropsychological, and functional assessments, and gag and gp41 regions were subtyped. Subtype assignments were generated by sequence analysis using a portion of the gag and gp41 regions.
resultsThirty-three HIV-infected individuals were infected with subtype A, 2 with subtype C, 9 with subtype D, and 16 with A/D recombinants. Eight (89%) of 9 HIV-infected individuals with subtype D had dementia, compared with 7 (24%) of 33 HIV-infected individuals with subtype A (P = .004).
conclusionsThese results suggest that, in untreated HIV-infected individuals with advanced immunosuppression who are at risk of developing HIV-associated cognitive impairment, HIV dementia may be more common among patients infected with subtype D virus than among those infected with subtype A virus. These findings provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, to demonstrate that HIV subtypes may have a pathogenetic factor with respect to their capacity to cause cognitive impairment. Additional studies are needed to confirm this observation and to define the mechanism by which subtype D leads to an increased risk of neuropathogenesis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.