ArticleAIDS research and human retroviruses2009
Differential effects of HIV type 1 clade B and clade C Tat protein on expression of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines by primary monocytes.
Article in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between HIV-1 neuroinflammation, neurocognitive impairment and encephalitis pathology: A systematic review of studies investigating post-mortem brain tissue.Reviews in medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Roles of HIV-1 Tat: A Review of Recent Evidence.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Neurovirulent and non-neurovirulent strains of HIV-1 and their Tat proteins induce differential cytokine-chemokine profiles.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- The association between HIV-1 Tat and Vif amino acid sequence variation, inflammation and Trp-Kyn metabolism: an exploratory investigation.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Impact of subtype C-specific amino acid variants on HIV-1 Tat-TAR interaction: insights from molecular modelling and dynamics.Virology journal · 2024Article
- A Pilot Investigation of the Association Between Vpr Amino Acid Substitutions and Peripheral Immune Marker Levels in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Implications for Neurocognitive Impairment.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid CD14Journal of neurovirology · 2023Article
- Soluble CD14 is subtype-dependent in serum but not in cerebrospinal fluid in people with HIV.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2022Article
- Main lymphocyte subpopulations in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood in HIV-1 subtypes C and B.Journal of neurovirology · 2022Article
- Article
- GPR18 drives FAAH inhibition-induced neuroprotection against HIV-1 Tat-induced neurodegeneration.Experimental neurology · 2021Article
- Association of maternal and infant inflammation with neurodevelopment in HIV-exposed uninfected children in a South African birth cohort.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Article
- Opioid and neuroHIV Comorbidity - Current and Future Perspectives.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2020Review
- The association of peripheral immune markers with brain cortical thickness and surface area in South African people living with HIV.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Article
- Conditional expression of HIV-1 tat in the mouse alters the onset and progression of tonic, inflammatory and neuropathic hypersensitivity in a sex-dependent manner.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2020Article
- Inflammation-induced PINCH expression leads to actin depolymerization and mitochondrial mislocalization in neurons.Translational neurodegeneration · 2020Article
- Attention/Working Memory, Learning and Memory in Adult Cameroonians: Normative Data, Effects of HIV Infection and Viral Genotype.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2020Article
- The Signature Amino Acid Residue Serine 31 of HIV-1C Tat Potentiates an Activated Phenotype in Endothelial Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- HIV-1 Tat: Role in Bystander Toxicity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- The Association of Immune Markers with Cognitive Performance in South African HIV-Positive Patients.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The existence of multiple subtypes of HIV-1 worldwide has created new challenges to control HIV-1 infection and associated neuropathogenesis. Previous studies indicate a difference in neuropathogenic manifestations of HIV-1-associated neuroAIDS between clade B- and clade C-infected subjects with clade B being more neuropathogenic than clade C. However, the exact mechanism underlying the differences in the neuropathogenesis by both the subtypes remains elusive. Development of neuroAIDS is associated with a complex interplay between proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In the current study, we hypothesize that HIV-1 clade B and C Tat protein exert differential effects on human primary monocytes leading to differences in gene and protein expression of cytokines implicated in neuroAIDS. Primary human monocytes were treated with clade B and clade C Tat protein and quantitative real time PCR was performed to determine gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) and antiinflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Further, cytokine secretion was measured in culture supernatants by ELISA, whereas intracellular cytokine expression was detected by flow cytometry. Results indicate that monocytes treated with Tat B showed significant upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, as compared to Tat C-treated cultures. However, expression of antiinflammatory molecules and IL-4 and IL-10 was found to be higher in Tat C-treated compared to Tat B-treated cultures. Thus, our result shows for the first time that Tat B and Tat C differentially modulate expression of neuropathogenic molecules that may be correlated with the differences in neuroAIDS manifestation induced by clade-specific infections.
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