Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19620517›Full record

Trial reportHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2009

Effects of dietary sodium reduction on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension: results from a randomized trial.

Eduardo Pimenta, Krishna K Gaddam, Suzanne Oparil, Inmaculada Aban, Saima Husain, Louis J Dell'Italia, David A Calhoun

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 199 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
199citing papers in PubMed, 19 pooled it
31.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02730052 nawithdrawnnot on this mapstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Estudio RioplateNsE Sobre Telemonitoreo en hIpertensos No-controlAdos

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversidad de la RepublicaRan2016 to 2019Enrolled0ConditionsHypertensionArmsOmron 9200T plus Telemonitoring, Omron 9200T without Telemonitoring
NCT07025928 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Salt Intake and Blood Pressure Control in Adults With Essential Hypertension

TypeinterventionalSponsorSun JingfengRan2026 to 2030Enrolled190ConditionsHypertensionArmsDecreased Salt High Potassium Tool (DSHP Tool)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

199 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 520 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension 2025 (JSH2025).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Guideline
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  11. The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2019).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019
    Guideline
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  18. Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013
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139 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Eduardo PimentaHypertension Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. e.pimenta@uq.edu.au
Krishna K Gaddam
Suzanne Oparil
Inmaculada Aban
Saima Husain
Louis J Dell'Italia
David A Calhoun
Princess Alexandra Hospital · AU

Funding

Zevalin Radioimmunotherapy Using a Modified TreatmentM01RR000032 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI RICH, ROBERT R. · 1985 to 2008
$23.6M
The Impact on Diabetes on Left Ventricular RemodelingP50HL077100 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI DELL'LTALIA, LOUIS · 2005 to 2009
$16.5M
Etiology of Sleep APnea-Related HyperaldosteronismR01HL075614 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CALHOUN, DAVID A · 2004 to 2011
$2.4M
NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR000032NCRR NIH HHS M01-RR 00032NHLBI NIH HHS HL 075614NHLBI NIH HHS P50 HL 077100NHLBI NIH HHS P50 HL077100NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL075614
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Observational studies indicate a significant relation between dietary sodium and level of blood pressure. However, the role of salt sensitivity in the development of resistant hypertension is unknown. The present study examined the effects of dietary salt restriction on office and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension. Twelve subjects with resistant hypertension entered into a randomized crossover evaluation of low (50 mmol/24 hours x 7 days) and high sodium diets (250 mmol/24 hours x 7 days) separated by a 2-week washout period. Brain natriuretic peptide; plasma renin activity; 24-hour urinary aldosterone, sodium, and potassium; 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; aortic pulse wave velocity; and augmentation index were compared between dietary treatment periods. At baseline, subjects were on an average of 3.4+/-0.5 antihypertensive medications with a mean office BP of 145.8+/-10.8/83.9+/-11.2 mm Hg. Mean urinary sodium excretion was 46.1+/-26.8 versus 252.2+/-64.6 mmol/24 hours during low- versus high-salt intake. Low- compared to high-salt diet decreased office systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 22.7 and 9.1 mm Hg, respectively. Plasma renin activity increased whereas brain natriuretic peptide and creatinine clearance decreased during low-salt intake, indicative of intravascular volume reduction. These results indicate that excessive dietary sodium ingestion contributes importantly to resistance to antihypertensive treatment. Strategies to substantially reduce dietary salt intake should be part of the overall treatment of resistant hypertension.

Indexed as

Diet, Sodium-RestrictedAdultAgedAldosteroneBlood PressureBody Mass IndexCreatinineCross-Over StudiesDose-Response Relationship, DrugFemaleHeart RateHumansHypertensionMaleMiddle AgedNatriuretic Peptide, BrainAldosteroneCreatinineNatriuretic Peptide, BrainPotassiumReninSodiumSodium, Dietary

Identifiers

PMID19620517
PMCPMC2771382
OpenAlexW2145989311

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.