ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2009
Incorporation of NKT cell-activating glycolipids enhances immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- α-Galactosylceramide-expanded virtual memory CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Alpha-galactosylceramide as mRNA vaccine adjuvant modulates cellular immunity against tuberculosis and contributes to antigen-specific lung-associated T cells with a TRM-associated phenotype following prime-pull strategy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Can invariant Natural Killer T cells drive B cell fate? a look at the humoral response.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Natural Killer T Cell Diversity and Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2023Review
- Immunomodulatory potential ofiScience · 2022Article
- Immunomodulatory properties of characellide A on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Inflammopharmacology · 2021Article
- The role of donor-unrestricted T-cells, innate lymphoid cells, and NK cells in anti-mycobacterial immunity.Immunological reviews · 2021Review
- Invariant natural killer T cells balance B cell immunity.Immunological reviews · 2021Review
- Invariant Natural Killer T-cell Dynamics in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated Tuberculosis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Mycobacterial mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan: a modulator bridging innate and adaptive immunity.Emerging microbes & infections · 2019Review
- Infection resisters: targets of new research for uncovering natural protective immunity againstF1000Research · 2019Review
- Porcine Invariant Natural Killer T Cells: Functional Profiling and Dynamics in Steady State and Viral Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Distinct MHC class I-like interacting invariant T cell lineage at the forefront of mycobacterial immunity uncovered inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Natural Killer T Cells and Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Lung Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Functions of CD1d-Restricted Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Antimicrobial Immunity and Potential Applications for Infection Control.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Development of a novel mechanism-based glycolipid adjuvant for vaccination.F1000Research · 2018Review
- New Players in Immunity to Tuberculosis: The Host Microbiome, Lung Epithelium, and Innate Immune Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Quantitative and qualitative iNKT repertoire associations with disease susceptibility and outcome in macaque tuberculosis infection.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2017Article
- Co-localization of a CD1d-binding glycolipid with an adenovirus-based malaria vaccine for a potent adjuvant effect.Vaccine · 2017Article
- A potent adjuvant effect of a CD1d-binding NKT cell ligand in human immune system mice.Expert review of vaccines · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis known as bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been widely used as a vaccine for prevention of disease by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but with relatively little evidence of success. Recent studies suggest that the failure of BCG may be due to its retention of immune evasion mechanisms that delay or prevent the priming of robust protective cell-mediated immunity. In this study, we describe an approach to enhance the immunogenicity of BCG by incorporating glycolipid activators of CD1d-restricted NKT cells, a conserved T cell subset with the potential to augment many types of immune responses. A method was developed for stably incorporating two forms of the NKT cell activator alpha-galactosylceramide into live BCG organisms, and the impact of this on stimulation of T cell responses and protective antimycobacterial immunity was evaluated. We found that live BCG containing relatively small amounts of incorporated alpha-galactosylceramide retained the ability to robustly activate NKT cells. Compared with immunization with unmodified BCG, the glycolipid-modified BCG stimulated increased maturation of dendritic cells and markedly augmented the priming of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells responses. These effects were correlated with improved protective effects of vaccination in mice challenged with virulent M. tuberculosis. These results support the view that mycobacteria possess mechanisms to avoid stimulation of CD8(+) T cell responses and that such responses contribute significantly to protective immunity against these pathogens. Our findings raise the possibility of a simple modification of BCG that could yield a more effective vaccine for control of tuberculosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.