ArticleCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2009
Trends in risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Canada: temporal, socio-demographic and geographic factors.
Article in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02597205 (TAKEmeds Program), which is not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
TAKEmeds Program: The Adherence and Knowledge Exchange Heart and Stroke Medicines Study
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Canadian Cardiovascular Harmonized National Guideline Endeavour (C-CHANGE) guideline for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in primary care: 2022 update.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2022Guideline
- United States Dietary Trends Since 1800: Lack of Association Between Saturated Fatty Acid Consumption and Non-communicable Diseases.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Optimizing chronic disease management in the community (outpatient) setting (OCDM): an evidentiary framework.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2013Guideline
- Comparison of cardiovascular risk profiles among ethnic groups using population health surveys between 1996 and 2007.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2010 · on this mapPooled it
- Effect of an intervention to improve the cardiovascular health of family members of patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized trial.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2014Trial
- Article
- Tobacco use disorder is associated with increased risk of cardiomyopathy in a population-based study from Taiwan.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Characteristics of comparatively young heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: PurSuit-HFpEF registry.Heart and vessels · 2025Article
- Marginalized Neighborhoods and Health Outcomes in Younger Myocardial Infarction Survivors.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular disease in the Americas: optimizing primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease series: cardiovascular disease in the Americas.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Review
- Correction: United States dietary trends since 1800: lack of association between saturated fatty acid consumption and non-communicable diseases.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Trends in Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Canada: Variation by Migration and Temporal Factors, 2001-2018.CJC open · 2024Article
- Impact of global smoking prevalence on mortality: a study across income groups.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Association of Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition with Maternal Cardiometabolic Diseases: An Exploratory Prospective Cohort Study.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2024Article
- Relative and absolute inequalities in cerebrovascular disease mortality rates: exploring the influence of socioeconomic status and urbanization levels in Taiwan.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Preventive care recommendations to promote health equity.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2023Article
- Validation of a Case Definition to Identify Patients Diagnosed With Cardiovascular Disease in Canadian Primary Care Practices.CJC open · 2023Article
- Article
- Vascular risk factors and stroke risk across the life span: A population-representative study of half a million people.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2022Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTemporal trends in risk factors for cardiovascular disease and the impact of socio-economic status on these risk factors remain unclear.
methodsUsing data from the National Population Health Survey and the Canadian Community Health Survey, we examined national trends in heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and smoking prevalence from 1994 to 2005, adjusting for age and sex. We stratified data by income adequacy category, body mass index and region of residence.
resultsAn estimated 1.29 million Canadians reported having heart disease in 2005, representing increases of 19% for men and 2% for women, relative to 1994. Heart disease increased significantly in the lowest income category (by 27%), in the lower middle income category (by 37%) and in the upper middle income category (by 12%); however, it increased by only 6% in the highest income group. Diabetes increased in all but the highest income group: by 56% in the lowest income group, by 93% in the lower middle income group and by 59% in the upper middle income group. Hypertension increased in all income groups: by 85% in the lowest income group, by 80% in the lower middle income group, by 91% in the upper middle income group and by 117% in the highest income group. Obesity also increased in all income groups: by 20% in the lowest income group, by 25% in the lower middle income group, by 33% in the upper middle income group and by 37% in the highest income group. In addition to socio-economic status, obesity and overweight also modified the trends in risk factors. Diabetes increased to a greater extent among obese participants (61% increase) and overweight participants (25% increase), as did hypertension, which increased by 80% among obese individuals and by 74% among overweight individuals. Trends in diabetes, hypertension and obesity were consistent for all provinces.
interpretationDuring the study period, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and obesity increased for all or most income groups in Canada. Further interventions supporting modification of lifestyle and risk factors are needed to prevent future cardiovascular disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.