ArticleVirology journal2009
The role of NH4Cl and cysteine proteases in Human Papillomavirus type 16 infection.
Article in Virology journal, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Potential Antiviral Strategy Exploiting Dependence of SARS-CoV-2 Replication on Lysosome-Based Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
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- Predictive value of protease-activated receptor-2 (PARJournal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Role and dynamics of vacuolar pH during cell-in-cell mediated death.Cell death & disease · 2021Article
- Phosphorylation of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 L2 Contributes to Efficient Virus Infectious Entry.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Efficient Production of Papillomavirus Gene Delivery Vectors in Defined In Vitro Reactions.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2017Article
- A Cell-Free Assembly System for Generating Infectious Human Papillomavirus 16 Capsids Implicates a Size Discrimination Mechanism for Preferential Viral Genome Packaging.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- A Dual Role for the Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase Pyk2 during the Intracellular Trafficking of Human Papillomavirus 16.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Kallikrein-8 Proteolytically Processes Human Papillomaviruses in the Extracellular Space To Facilitate Entry into Host Cells.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Coat as a dagger: the use of capsid proteins to perforate membranes during non-enveloped DNA viruses trafficking.Viruses · 2014Review
- Inhibition by cellular vacuolar ATPase impairs human papillomavirus uncoating and infection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2014Article
- L2, the minor capsid protein of papillomavirus.Virology · 2013Review
- SNX17 facilitates infection with diverse papillomavirus types.Journal of virology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe infectious pathway of the non-enveloped Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV16) includes binding to the cell surface, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and penetration into an endosome. HPV16 infection was shown to decrease in the presence of the lysosomotrophic neutralizing agent ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). NH4Cl neutralizes acidic endo-lysosome compartments, thus suggesting that pH was responsible for PV capsid conformational changes leading endosome escape.
resultsHowever, our data suggested that NH4Cl blocked infection by preventing the movement of PV viral particles from the early endosome to the caveosome as was shown for JC virus 12. We have confirmed that HPV 16 infection requires the trafficking of reporter-virions to the caveosome as is the case for BPV1 34. In this manuscript we propose that the observed decrease in infection of PV in the presence of NH4Cl was due to a loss of movement of reporter-virions to caveosomes. We also demonstrate that cysteine proteases are involved in the infectious process, and that cathepsin B treatment of viral particles was shown to overcome the block of infection observed in the presence of furin inhibition. We confirmed the need for cathepsin B in HPV16 infection using cathepsin B null mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
conclusionWe present data that suggest HPV16 infection is in part mediated by cysteine proteases, and that NH4Cl blocks the intracellular trafficking of infectious viral particles. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration that cysteine proteases influence the infection of a non-enveloped virus.
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