ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2009
Identification of linear epitopes in Bacillus anthracis protective antigen bound by neutralizing antibodies.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunoinformatics-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Targeting Helicobacter Pylori.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Recombinant full-lengthFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Characterization of the adaptive immune response of donors receiving live anthrax vaccine.PloS one · 2021Article
- Design of a Multi-epitope Vaccine AgainstInternational journal of peptide research and therapeutics · 2021Article
- Anthrax toxin component, Protective Antigen, protects insects from bacterial infections.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Progress towards the Development of a NEAT Vaccine for Anthrax II: Immunogen Specificity and Alum Effectiveness in an Inhalational Model.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Article
- Host membrane glycosphingolipids and lipid microdomains facilitate Histoplasma capsulatum internalisation by macrophages.Cellular microbiology · 2019Article
- Serum-Mediated Cleavage ofmSphere · 2018Article
- Evaluation of anthrax vaccine safety in 18 to 20 year olds: A first step towards age de-escalation studies in adolescents.Vaccine · 2015Article
- Preparation and evaluation of human-murine chimeric antibody against protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2014Article
- Molecular determinants for a cardiovascular collapse in anthrax.Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition) · 2014Review
- Identification of peptide sequences as a measure of Anthrax vaccine stability during storage.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Article
- Combinations of monoclonal antibodies to anthrax toxin manifest new properties in neutralization assays.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
- Disease-enhancing antibodies improve the efficacy of bacterial toxin-neutralizing antibodies.Cell host & microbe · 2013Article
- Article
- Pharmacophore selection and redesign of non-nucleotide inhibitors of anthrax edema factor.Toxins · 2012Review
- A three-dose intramuscular injection schedule of anthrax vaccine adsorbed generates sustained humoral and cellular immune responses to protective antigen and provides long-term protection against inhalation anthrax in rhesus macaques.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2012Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Protective antigen (PA), the binding subunit of anthrax toxin, is the major component in the current anthrax vaccine, but the fine antigenic structure of PA is not well defined. To identify linear neutralizing epitopes of PA, 145 overlapping peptides covering the entire sequence of the protein were synthesized. Six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antisera from mice specific for PA were tested for their reactivity to the peptides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Three major linear immunodominant B-cell epitopes were mapped to residues Leu(156) to Ser(170), Val(196) to Ile(210), and Ser(312) to Asn(326) of the PA protein. Two mAbs with toxin-neutralizing activity recognized two different epitopes in close proximity to the furin cleavage site in domain 1. The three-dimensional complex structure of PA and its neutralizing mAbs 7.5G and 19D9 were modeled using the molecular docking method providing models for the interacting epitope and paratope residues. For both mAbs, LeTx neutralization was associated with interference with furin cleavage, but they differed in effectiveness depending on whether they bound on the N- or C-terminal aspect of the cleaved products. The two peptides containing these epitopes that include amino acids Leu(156)-Ser(170) and Val(196)-Ile(210) were immunogenic and elicited neutralizing antibody responses to PA. These results identify the first linear neutralizing epitopes of PA and show that peptides containing epitope sequences can elicit neutralizing antibody responses, a finding that could be exploited for vaccine design.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.