ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2009
Soluble urokinase receptor conjugated to carrier red blood cells binds latent pro-urokinase and alters its functional profile.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood Cell-Based Drug Delivery Systems: From Biological and Mechanical Design to Clinical Applications.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Red blood cells could protect miRNAs from degradation or loss thanks to Argonaute 2 binding.FEBS open bio · 2025Article
- Drug-loaded erythrocytes: Modern approaches for advanced drug delivery for clinical use.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Recent Advances in Blood Cell-Inspired and Clot Targeted Thrombolytic Therapies.Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2023Review
- Drug transport by red blood cells.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Chemical Conjugation in Drug Delivery Systems.Frontiers in chemistry · 2022Review
- Targeted nano-delivery strategies for facilitating thrombolysis treatment in ischemic stroke.Drug delivery · 2021Article
- Red blood cells: The metamorphosis of a neglected carrier into the natural mothership for artificial nanocarriers.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- Red Blood Cell Hitchhiking: A Novel Approach for Vascular Delivery of Nanocarriers.Annual review of biomedical engineering · 2021Article
- Vascular Drug Delivery Using Carrier Red Blood Cells: Focus on RBC Surface Loading and Pharmacokinetics.Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor associates with higher risk, advanced disease severity as well as inflammation, and might serve as a prognostic biomarker of severe acute pancreatitis.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2020Article
- Review
- Recent strategies on targeted delivery of thrombolytics.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2019Review
- Nanocarrier-based systems for targeted and site specific therapeutic delivery.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2019Review
- Serum suPAR and syndecan-4 levels predict severity of community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective, multi-centre study.Critical care (London, England) · 2018Observational
- Translational initiatives in thrombolytic therapy.Frontiers of medicine · 2017Review
- Targeting thrombomodulin to circulating red blood cells augments its protective effects in models of endotoxemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2017Article
- Erythrocytes as Carriers for Drug Delivery in Blood Transfusion and Beyond.Transfusion medicine reviews · 2017Review
- Red blood cells: Supercarriers for drugs, biologicals, and nanoparticles and inspiration for advanced delivery systems.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2016Review
- Delivery of drugs bound to erythrocytes: new avenues for an old intravascular carrier.Therapeutic delivery · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Coupling plasminogen activators to carrier red blood cells (RBC) prolongs their life-time in the circulation and restricts extravascular side effects, thereby allowing their utility for short-term thromboprophylaxis. Unlike constitutively active plasminogen activators, single chain urokinase plasminogen activator (scuPA) is activated by plasmin proteolysis or binding to its receptor, uPAR. In this study we conjugated recombinant soluble uPAR (suPAR) to rat RBC, forming RBC/suPAR complex. RBC carrying suPAR circulated in rats similarly to naïve RBC and markedly prolonged the circulation time of suPAR. RBC/suPAR carrying approximately 3x10(4) suPAR molecules per RBC specifically bound up to 2x10(4) molecules of scuPA, retained approximately 75% of scuPA-binding capacity after circulation in rats and markedly altered the functional profile of bound scuPA. RBC carrying directly conjugated scuPA adhered to endothelial cells, while showing no appreciable fibrinolytic activity. In contrast, RBC/suPAR loaded with scuPA did not exhibit increased adhesion to endothelium, while effectively dissolving fibrin clots. This molecular design, capitalizing on unique biological features of the interaction of scuPA with its receptor, provides a promising modality to deliver a pro-drug for prevention of thrombosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.