ReviewPharmacology & therapeutics2009
Functions of the cytoplasmic RNA sensors RIG-I and MDA-5: key regulators of innate immunity.
Review in Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-MDA5 antibody as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in patients with dermatomyositis.Oncotarget · 2017Pooled it
- Trial
- Canine Distemper Virus-Induced Transcriptional Modulation of Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cells in an In Vitro Model of Tumour Zones.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Functional roles for viral RNA ribosylation in mammalian cells.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Emerging viral infections: role of flavivirus NS1-mediated rewiring of PRR signaling.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Integrative modelling of innate immune response dynamics during virus infection.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Messenger RNA Vaccines.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Article
- The CD97-PPM1G axis dampens antiviral immunity by dephosphorylating IRF7 in type I interferon pathway.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Process and analytical strategies for the safe production of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Discovery of a small molecule TLR3 agonist adjuvant.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Diseases.MedComm · 2025Review
- The Interplay Between Therapeutic Self-Amplifying RNA and the Innate Immune System: Balancing Efficiency and Reactogenicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Pattern recognition receptors and inflammasome: Now and beyond.Molecules and cells · 2025Review
- Inhibition of tumor-intrinsic NAT10 enhances antitumor immunity by triggering type I interferon response via MYC/CDK2/DNMT1 pathway.Nature communications · 2025Article
- For Better or Worse: Type I Interferon Responses in Bacterial Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of dsRNA Contaminants in In Vitro-Transcribed mRNA Products.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Luciferase Reporter Assay for Determining the Signaling Activity of Interferons.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- MDA5 Is a Major Determinant of Developing Symptoms in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2024Review
- Advances in mRNA LNP-Based Cancer Vaccines: Mechanisms, Formulation Aspects, Challenges, and Future Directions.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The innate immune system responds within minutes of infection to produce type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interferons induce the synthesis of cell proteins with antiviral activity, and also shape the adaptive immune response by priming T cells. Despite the discovery of interferons over 50 years ago, only recently have we begun to understand how cells sense the presence of a virus infection. Two families of pattern recognition receptors have been shown to distinguish unique molecules present in pathogens, such as bacterial and fungal cell wall components, viral RNA and DNA, and lipoproteins. The first family includes the membrane-bound toll-like receptors (TLRs). Studies of the signaling pathways that lead from pattern recognition to cytokine induction have revealed extensive and overlapping cascades that involve protein-protein interactions and phosphorylation, and culminate in activation of transcription proteins that control the transcription of genes encoding interferons and other cytokines. A second family of pattern recognition receptors has recently been identified, which comprises the cytoplasmic sensors of viral nucleic acids, including MDA-5, RIG-I, and LGP2. In this review we summarize the discovery of these cytoplasmic sensors, how they recognize nucleic acids, the signaling pathways leading to cytokine synthesis, and viral countermeasures that have evolved to antagonize the functions of these proteins. We also consider the function of these cytoplasmic sensors in apoptosis, development and differentiation, and diabetes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.