ArticleJournal of molecular evolution2009
Fusion and retrotransposition events in the evolution of the sea anemone Anemonia viridis neurotoxin genes.
Article in Journal of molecular evolution, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cnidarian Venoms in the Omics Era: Toxin Discovery and Bioactive Potential.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Article
- Venom trade-off shapes interspecific interactions, physiology, and reproduction.Science advances · 2024Article
- Review
- Review
- The Anemonia viridis Venom: Coupling Biochemical Purification and RNA-Seq for Translational Research.Marine drugs · 2018Review
- Jellyfish Bioactive Compounds: Methods for Wet-Lab Work.Marine drugs · 2016Review
- Evidence of accelerated evolution and ectodermal-specific expression of presumptive BDS toxin cDNAs from Anemonia viridis.Marine drugs · 2013Article
- Sea anemone (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria) toxins: an overview.Marine drugs · 2012Review
- Embryonic toxin expression in the cone snail Conus victoriae: primed to kill or divergent function?The Journal of biological chemistry · 2011Article
- The mining of toxin-like polypeptides from EST database by single residue distribution analysis.BMC genomics · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sea anemones are sessile predators that use a variety of toxins to paralyze prey and foe. Among these toxins, Types I, II and III are short peptides that affect voltage-gated sodium channels. Anemonia viridis is the only sea anemone species that produces both Types I and III neurotoxin. Although the two toxin types are unrelated in sequence and three-dimensional structure, cloning and comparative analysis of their loci revealed a highly similar sequence at the 5' region, which encodes a signal peptide. This similarity was likely generated by gene fusion and could be advantageous in transcript stability and intracellular trafficking and secretion. In addition, these analyses identified the processed pseudogenes of the two gene families in the genome of A. viridis, probably resulting from retrotransposition events. As presence of processed pseudogenes in the genome requires transcription in germ-line cells, we analyzed oocyte-rich ovaries and found that indeed they contain Types I and III transcripts. This result raises questions regarding the role of toxin transcripts in these tissues. Overall, the retrotransposition and gene fusion events suggest that the genes of both Types I and III neurotoxins evolved in a similar fashion and share a partial common ancestry.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.