ArticlePLoS pathogens2009
Drosophila embryos as model systems for monitoring bacterial infection in real time.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Haemocyte-mediated immunity in insects: Cells, processes and associated components in the fight against pathogens and parasites.Immunology · 2021Review
- Transcriptome plasticity underlying plant root colonization and insect invasion by Pseudomonas protegens.The ISME journal · 2020Article
- Young but not defenceless: antifungal activity during embryonic development of a social insect.Royal Society open science · 2020Article
- Temporal specificity and heterogeneity of Drosophila immune cells.The EMBO journal · 2020Article
- Phagocyte Responses to Cell Death in Flies.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2020Review
- Article
- Fat Body Cells Are Motile and Actively Migrate to Wounds to Drive Repair and Prevent Infection.Developmental cell · 2018Article
- The distinct function of Tep2 and Tep6 in the immune defense of Drosophila melanogaster against the pathogen Photorhabdus.Virulence · 2017Article
- Systems Analysis of the Dynamic Inflammatory Response to Tissue Damage Reveals Spatiotemporal Properties of the Wound Attractant Gradient.Current biology : CB · 2016Article
- Corpse Engulfment Generates a Molecular Memory that Primes the Macrophage Inflammatory Response.Cell · 2016Article
- Macrophages and cellular immunity in Drosophila melanogaster.Seminars in immunology · 2015Review
- The Makes Caterpillars Floppy (MCF)-Like Domain of Vibrio vulnificus Induces Mitochondrion-Mediated Apoptosis.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- As the fat flies: The dynamic lipid droplets of Drosophila embryos.Biochimica et biophysica acta · 2015Review
- Evolutionary patchwork of an insecticidal toxin shared between plant-associated pseudomonads and the insect pathogens Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus.BMC genomics · 2015Article
- Infection routes matter in population-specific responses of the red flour beetle to the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis.BMC genomics · 2014Article
- Ecdysone mediates the development of immunity in the Drosophila embryo.Current biology : CB · 2014Article
- Transinfection: a method to investigate Wolbachia-host interactions and control arthropod-borne disease.Insect molecular biology · 2014Review
- An unbiased method for clustering bacterial effectors using host cellular phenotypes.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2014Article
- Activated and inactivated immune responses in Caenorhabditis elegans against Photorhabdus luminescens TT01.SpringerPlus · 2014Article
- Novel whole-tissue quantitative assay of nitric oxide levels in Drosophila neuroinflammatory response.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Drosophila embryos are well studied developmental microcosms that have been used extensively as models for early development and more recently wound repair. Here we extend this work by looking at embryos as model systems for following bacterial infection in real time. We examine the behaviour of injected pathogenic (Photorhabdus asymbiotica) and non-pathogenic (Escherichia coli) bacteria and their interaction with embryonic hemocytes using time-lapse confocal microscopy. We find that embryonic hemocytes both recognise and phagocytose injected wild type, non-pathogenic E. coli in a Dscam independent manner, proving that embryonic hemocytes are phagocytically competent. In contrast, injection of bacterial cells of the insect pathogen Photorhabdus leads to a rapid 'freezing' phenotype of the hemocytes associated with significant rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. This freezing phenotype can be phenocopied by either injection of the purified insecticidal toxin Makes Caterpillars Floppy 1 (Mcf1) or by recombinant E. coli expressing the mcf1 gene. Mcf1 mediated hemocyte freezing is shibire dependent, suggesting that endocytosis is required for Mcf1 toxicity and can be modulated by dominant negative or constitutively active Rac expression, suggesting early and unexpected effects of Mcf1 on the actin cytoskeleton. Together these data show how Drosophila embryos can be used to track bacterial infection in real time and how mutant analysis can be used to genetically dissect the effects of specific bacterial virulence factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.