ArticlePLoS genetics2009
Evolution and survival on eutherian sex chromosomes.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell type-dependent suppression of the RNA helicase DDX3Y levels by the close paralog DDX3X.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- An Overview of Oxidative Stress in Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies in Pediatric Populations.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Evolutionary divergence between homologous X-Y chromosome genes shapes sex-biased biology.Nature ecology & evolution · 2025Article
- Diverse mechanisms of DDX3Y suppression by DDX3X.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Dissection of X chromosome dosage compensation for quantitative traits in sheep using different statistical models.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Chromosome-Aware Phylogenomics of Assassin Bugs (Hemiptera: Reduvioidea) Elucidates Ancient Gene Conflict.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Structural shifts in primate Y.Nature ecology & evolution · 2023Article
- Genomic and demographic processes differentially influence genetic variation across the human X chromosome.PloS one · 2023Article
- Consequence of evolutionary loss of seasonal breeding by humans for prostate cancer chemoprevention.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2023Review
- Sex differences in early and term placenta are conserved in adult tissues.Biology of sex differences · 2022Article
- DDX3X structural analysis: Implications in the pharmacology and innate immunity.Current research in immunology · 2022Review
- The Y chromosome and its impact on health and disease.Human molecular genetics · 2021Review
- Expression Evolution of Ancestral XY Gametologs across All Major Groups of Placental Mammals.Genome biology and evolution · 2020Article
- A comparison of humans and baboons suggests germline mutation rates do not track cell divisions.PLoS biology · 2020Article
- Evolution of the Autism-Associated Neuroligin-4 Gene Reveals Broad Erosion of Pseudoautosomal Regions in Rodents.Molecular biology and evolution · 2020Article
- The Evolution of Unusually Small Amelogenin Genes in Cetaceans; Pseudogenization, X-Y Gene Conversion, and Feeding Strategy.Journal of molecular evolution · 2020Article
- Identifying, understanding, and correcting technical artifacts on the sex chromosomes in next-generation sequencing data.GigaScience · 2019Article
- Deep Sequencing of Fosmid Clones Indicates Gene Conversion in the Male-Specific Region of the Giant Panda Y Chromosome.Genome biology and evolution · 2018Article
- Genetic Diversity on the Sex Chromosomes.Genome biology and evolution · 2018Review
- Suppressed Recombination of Sex Chromosomes Is Not Caused by Chromosomal Reciprocal Translocation in Spiny Frog (Frontiers in genetics · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Since the two eutherian sex chromosomes diverged from an ancestral autosomal pair, the X has remained relatively gene-rich, while the Y has lost most of its genes through the accumulation of deleterious mutations in nonrecombining regions. Presently, it is unclear what is distinctive about genes that remain on the Y chromosome, when the sex chromosomes acquired their unique evolutionary rates, and whether X-Y gene divergence paralleled that of paralogs located on autosomes. To tackle these questions, here we juxtaposed the evolution of X and Y homologous genes (gametologs) in eutherian mammals with their autosomal orthologs in marsupial and monotreme mammals. We discovered that genes on the X and Y acquired distinct evolutionary rates immediately following the suppression of recombination between the two sex chromosomes. The Y-linked genes evolved at higher rates, while the X-linked genes maintained the lower evolutionary rates of the ancestral autosomal genes. These distinct rates have been maintained throughout the evolution of X and Y. Specifically, in humans, most X gametologs and, curiously, also most Y gametologs evolved under stronger purifying selection than similarly aged autosomal paralogs. Finally, after evaluating the current experimental data from the literature, we concluded that unique mRNA/protein expression patterns and functions acquired by Y (versus X) gametologs likely contributed to their retention. Our results also suggest that either the boundary between sex chromosome strata 3 and 4 should be shifted or that stratum 3 should be divided into two strata.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.