ReviewKidney international2009
Hepatitis C virus-induced cryoglobulinemia.
Review in Kidney international, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 195 citations in OpenAlex.
- APASL clinical practice recommendation: how to treat HCV-infected patients with renal impairment?Hepatology international · 2019Guideline
- Treatment for hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinaemia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- From Antigenic Drive to Clonal Autonomy: An Update on Molecular Mechanisms of HCV-Related B-Cell Lymphomagenesis.Cancers · 2026Review
- Liver-nervous system axis: pathways, dysregulation, and translational perspectives.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Commentary: Anti-endothelial cell antibodies in pathogenesis of vasculitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Regulators and Conductors of Immunity: Natural Immune System in Health and Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Clinical and Serological Profiles in Cryoglobulinemia: Analysis of Isotypes and Etiologies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Renal Manifestations of Chronic Hepatitis C: A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- An Aggressive Case of Cryoglobulinemia and Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Rituximab in Managing Hepatitis C-Associated Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- CLEC18A Impairs Phagocytosis by Reducing FcγRIIA Expression and Arresting Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Impact of direct-acting antiviral regimens on hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection.World journal of hepatology · 2022Review
- Neuromuscular Complications of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viral Infections.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Article
- Case Report: Clinical and Pathological Findings of a Recurrent C3 Glomerulopathy With Superimposed Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Pattern and Cryoglobulinemia Associated With COVID-19.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Human hepatitis viruses-associated cutaneous and systemic vasculitis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Responses to acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs of rhesus macaques, baboons and marmosets.Nature microbiology · 2021Article
- A Devastating Case of Hepatitis C-Induced Mixed Cryoglobulinemia.Case reports in hepatology · 2021Article
- Cryoglobulins: Identification, classification, and novel biomarkers of mysterious proteins.Advances in clinical chemistry · 2021Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In this review we discuss the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cryoglobulinemia. HCV is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and is increasingly recognized as an instigator of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders such as mixed cryoglobulinemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cryoglobulinemia is characterized by the clonal expansion of rheumatoid factor-expressing B cells in the liver, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood, resulting in the presence of cryoglobulins in the circulation. Cryoglobulins are cold-insoluble immune complexes containing rheumatoid factor, polyclonal IgG, and HCV RNA that precipitate and deposit on vascular endothelium, causing vasculitis in organs such as the skin, kidneys, and peripheral nerves. A subset of patients develops a low-grade lymphoma composed of B cells that are immunophenotypically similar to the expanded B cells seen in cryoglobulinemia. HCV-related B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders likely comprise a spectrum of disease, ranging from asymptomatic clonal B-cell expansions to pathogenic cryoglobulinemia and lymphoma. It is unclear how B cells become dysregulated during the course of chronic HCV infection, and continued patient-centered research is necessary to elucidate the pathogenesis of HCV-related B-cell dysregulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.