ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2009
The magnitude of CD4+ T cell recall responses is controlled by the duration of the secondary stimulus.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Generation of antigen-specific memory CD4 T cells by heterologous immunization enhances the magnitude of the germinal center response upon influenza infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Effector-Phase IL-2 Signals Drive Th1 Effector and Memory Responses Dependently and Independently of TCF-1.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- GP38 as a vaccine target for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Review
- The bovine dialysable leukocyte extract IMMUNEPOTENT CRP induces immunogenic cell death in breast cancer cells leading to long-term antitumour memory.British journal of cancer · 2021Article
- Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses duringMicrobiology spectrum · 2019Article
- Liver tissue metabolically transformed by alcohol induces immune recognition of liver self-proteins but not in vivo inflammation.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2018Article
- IFN-Gamma-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms of CD4⁺ Memory T Cell-Mediated Protection from Listeria Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Experimental Hyalohyphomycosis byFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Selective pre-priming of HA-specific CD4 T cells restores immunological reactivity to HA on heterosubtypic influenza infection.PloS one · 2017Article
- The Timing of T Cell Priming and Cycling.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
- Dynamic functional modulation of CD4+ T cell recall responses is dependent on the inflammatory environment of the secondary stimulus.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Harnessing the heterogeneity of T cell differentiation fate to fine-tune generation of effector and memory T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2014Article
- CD4 T-cell memory generation and maintenance.Critical reviews in immunology · 2014Review
- Differential T cell responses to residual viral antigen prolong CD4+ T cell contraction following the resolution of infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Cutting edge: Heterosubtypic influenza infection antagonizes elicitation of immunological reactivity to hemagglutinin.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Infection and treatment immunizations for successful parasite vaccines.Trends in parasitology · 2013Article
- Bim mediates the elimination of functionally unfit Th1 responders from the memory pool.PloS one · 2013Article
- Early events regulating immunity and pathogenesis during Listeria monocytogenes infection.Trends in immunology · 2012Review
- Stability and function of secondary Th1 memory cells are dependent on the nature of the secondary stimulus.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The parameters controlling the generation of robust CD4(+) T cell recall responses remain poorly defined. In this study, we compare recall responses by CD4(+) and CD8(+) memory T cells following rechallenge. Homologous rechallenge of mice immune to either lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or Listeria monocytogenes results in robust CD8(+) T cell recall responses but poor boosting of CD4(+) T cell recall responses in the same host. In contrast, heterologous rechallenge with a pathogen sharing only a CD4(+) T cell epitope results in robust boosting of CD4(+) T cell recall responses. The disparity in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell recall responses cannot be attributed to competition for growth factors or APCs, as robust CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell recall responses can be simultaneously induced following rechallenge with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. Instead, CD4(+) T cell recall responses are dependent on the duration of the secondary challenge. Increasing the rechallenge dose results in more potent boosting of CD4(+) T cell recall responses and artificially limiting the duration of secondary infection following heterologous rechallenge adversely impacts the magnitude of CD4(+) T cell, but not CD8(+) T cell, recall responses. These findings suggest that rapid pathogen clearance by secondary CTL following homologous rechallenge prevents optimal boosting of CD4(+) T cell responses and therefore have important practical implications in the design of vaccination and boosting strategies aimed at promoting CD4(+) T cell-mediated protection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.