ArticleJournal of virology2009
Identification of ongoing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in residual viremia during recombinant HIV-1 poxvirus immunizations in patients with clinically undetectable viral loads on durable suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monitoring of HIV type 1 DNA load and drug resistance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during suppressive antiretroviral therapy does not predict virologic failure.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2012Trial
- Expression of HIV from a 1-LTR circular DNA in the absence of integration.Retrovirology · 2025Article
- Review
- Genetic complexity in the replication-competent latent HIV reservoir increases with untreated infection duration in infected youth.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Article
- Codon optimization and improved delivery/immunization regimen enhance the immune response against wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, preserving its Th2-polarity.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- What do we measure when we measure cell-associated HIV RNA.Retrovirology · 2018Review
- Gag-Specific CD8 T-Cell Proliferation Is Associated With Higher Peripheral Blood Levels of Transforming Growth Factor-β and Gut-Homing T Cells in Youths Perinatally Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1: The ANRS-EP38-IMMIP Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Persistent HIV-1 replication during antiretroviral therapy.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2016Review
- Perspectives for immunotherapy: which applications might achieve an HIV functional cure?Oncotarget · 2016Review
- HIV-1 Reservoirs During Suppressive Therapy.Trends in microbiology · 2016Review
- The role of HIV integration in viral persistence: no more whistling past the proviral graveyard.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2016Review
- Animal Models for HIV Cure Research.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Well-mixed plasma and tissue viral populations in RT-SHIV-infected macaques implies a lack of viral replication in the tissues during antiretroviral therapy.Retrovirology · 2015Article
- Transcriptional Changes in CD8(+) T Cells During Antiretroviral Therapy Intensified With Raltegravir.Open forum infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Observational
- Lack of detectable HIV-1 molecular evolution during suppressive antiretroviral therapy.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Incomplete adherence to antiretroviral therapy is associated with higher levels of residual HIV-1 viremia.AIDS (London, England) · 2014Article
- Limited evolution of inferred HIV-1 tropism while viremia is undetectable during standard HAART therapy.PloS one · 2014Article
- Article
- The Use of Ultra-Sensitive Molecular Assays in HIV Cure-Related Research.Journal of AIDS & clinical research · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals who achieve viral loads of <50 copies/ml during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), low levels of plasma virus remain detectable for years by ultrasensitive methods. The relative contributions of ongoing virus replication and virus production from HIV-1 reservoirs to persistent low-level viremia during HAART remain controversial. HIV-1 vaccination of HAART-treated individuals provides a model for examining low-level viremia, as immunizations may facilitate virus replication and sequence evolution. In a phase 1 trial of modified vaccinia virus Ankara/fowlpox virus-based HIV-1 vaccines in 20 HIV-infected young adults receiving HAART, we assessed the prevalence of low-level viremia and sequence evolution, using ultrasensitive viral load (<6.5 copies/ml) and genotyping (five-copy sensitivity) assays. Viral evolution, consisting of new drug resistance mutations and novel amino acid changes within a relevant HLA-restricted allele (e.g., methionine, isoleucine, glutamine, or arginine for leucine at position 205 of RT), was found in 1 and 3 of 20 subjects, respectively. Sequence evolution was significantly correlated with levels of viremia of between 6.5 and <50 copies/ml (P = 0.03) and was more likely to occur within epitopes presented by relevant HLA alleles (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that ongoing virus replication contributes to low-level viremia in patients on HAART and that this ongoing replication is subject to CD8(+) T-cell selective pressures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.