ArticleImmunity2009
Opposing effects of TGF-beta and IL-15 cytokines control the number of short-lived effector CD8+ T cells.
Article in Immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 187 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lymph node resident memory T cells retain effector capabilities by evading lung resident memory dysfunction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- IL-15 Complexes Combined with PD-1 Blockade Affect Immune Cell Distribution, Localization, and Immune Signatures in Regressing Versus Non-Regressing Metastatic Breast Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Cytotoxic T Cells: Kill, Memorize, and Mask to Maintain Immune Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- CCR2Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Monocyte-derived TGF-β shapes memory CD8+ T cells.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Regulatory T cells suppress TLR9-induced formation of intrahepatic myeloid-cell aggregates for T cell population expansion in liver.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Article
- Therapeutic targeting of TGF-β in lung cancer.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Herpes stromal keratitis erodes the establishment of tissue-resident memory T cell pool in HSV-1 infected corneas.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Double, double toil and trouble: transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in HIV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Functional regulation of cytotoxic T cells by gut microbial metabolites.Gut microbes reports · 2025Article
- Nanoenabled IL-15 Superagonist via Conditionally Stabilized Protein-Protein Interactions Eradicates Solid Tumors by Precise Immunomodulation.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- CD4+ T cell help during early acute hepacivirus infection is critical for viral clearance and the generation of a liver-homing CD103+CD49a+ effector CD8+ T cell subset.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- The different paradigms of NK cell death in patients with severe trauma.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Apoptosis, a Metabolic "Head-to-Head" between Tumor and T Cells: Implications for Immunotherapy.Cells · 2024Review
- Long-term activation of anti-tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer by a p53-expressing telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Localization, tissue biology and T cell state - implications for cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- TGF-β broadly modifies rather than specifically suppresses reactivated memory CD8 T cells in a dose-dependent manner.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Multiple TMA-aided CRISPR/Cas13a platform for highly sensitive detection of IL-15 to predict immunotherapeutic response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- CRISPR/Cas9: A Powerful Strategy to Improve CAR-T Cell Persistence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Transforming Growth Factor Beta Promotes Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in Smad4-Deficient Intestinal Epithelium in a YAP-Dependent Manner.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
An effective immune response against infectious agents involves massive expansion of CD8(+) T cells. Once the infection is cleared, the majority of these effector cells die through unknown mechanisms. How is expansion controlled to maximize pathogen clearance and minimize immunopathology? We found, after Listeria infection, plasma transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) titers increased concomitant with the expansion of effector CD8(+) T cells. Blocking TGF-beta signaling did not affect effector function of CD8(+) T cells. However, TGF-beta controlled effector cell number by lowering Bcl-2 amounts and selectively promoting the apoptosis of short-lived effector cells. TGF-beta-mediated apoptosis of this effector subpopulation occurred during clonal expansion and contraction, whereas interleukin-15 (IL-15) promoted their survival only during contraction. We demonstrate that the number of effector CD8(+) T cells is tightly controlled by multiple extrinsic signals throughout effector differentiation; this plasticity should be exploited during vaccine design and immunotherapy against tumors and autoimmune diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.