ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2009
The protective role of antibody responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 172 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized, controlled dose-finding Phase II study of the M72/AS01 candidate tuberculosis vaccine in healthy PPD-positive adults.Journal of clinical immunology · 2013Trial
- The role of IgA and IgG in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a cross-sectional study in Ethiopia.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy for tuberculosis: emerging modalities, cross-disciplinary innovations, and roadmaps for drug-resistant disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Isolation and characterization of a protective monoclonal antibody targeting outer membrane protein (OmpA) against tuberculosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Cutaneous tuberculosis and its pleomorphic presentations in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Comparative longitudinal analysis of T lymphocyte subpopulations in calves vaccinated with different doses of BCG-Phipps or with culture filtrate protein extract of Mycobacterium bovis in a natural transmission setting.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Novel mRNA vaccines induce potent immunogenicity and afford protection against tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- ELISA-R: an R-based method for robust ELISA data analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Key advances in vaccine development for tuberculosis-success and challenges.NPJ vaccines · 2023Review
- No impact of helminth coinfection in patients with smear positive tuberculosis on immunoglobulin levels using a novel method measuring Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibodies.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2023Article
- Time to face the proofs: the BCG Moreau vaccine promotes superior inflammatory cytokine profileHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Mucosal exposure to non-tuberculous mycobacteria elicits B cell-mediated immunity against pulmonary tuberculosis.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Systemic inflammatory changes and their clinical implications following thoracic cancer surgery.Indian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2022Review
- AFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- B-Cells and Antibodies as Contributors to Effector Immune Responses in Tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Overexpression of T-bet, GATA-3 and TGF-ß Induces IFN-γ, IL-4/13A, and IL-17A Expression in Atlantic Salmon.Biology · 2020Article
- A Case for Antibodies as Mechanistic Correlates of Immunity in Tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Specific Binding Peptides from Rv3632: A Strategy for BlockingBioMed research international · 2019Article
- Article
- Potential of polymeric particles as future vaccine delivery systems/adjuvants for parenteral and non-parenteral immunization against tuberculosis: A systematic review.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2018Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most important infectious diseases globally. Immune effector mechanisms that lead to protection or development of clinical disease are not fully known. It is generally accepted that cell-mediated immunity (CMI) plays a pivotal role in controlling Mtb infection, whereas antibody responses are believed to have no protective role. This generalization is based mainly on early classical experiments that lacked standard protocols, and the T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 paradigm. According to the Th1/Th2 paradigm Th1 cells protect the host from intracellular pathogens, whereas Th2 cells protect form extracellular pathogens. During the last two decades, the Th1/Th2 paradigm has dominated not only our understanding of immunity to infectious pathogens but also our approach to vaccine design. However, the last few years have seen major discrepancies in this model. Convincing evidence for the protective role of antibodies against several intracellular pathogens has been established. Studies of B cell-deficient mice, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, passive immunization using monoclonal (mAb) and polyclonal antibodies and immune responses against specific mycobacterial antigens in experimental animals reveal that, in addition to a significant immunomodulatory effect on CMI, antibodies play an essential protective role against mycobacterial infections. In this review, our current understanding of the essential role of antibodies during Mtb infections, limitations of the Th1/Th2 model and the unfolding interdependence and mutual regulatory relationships between the humoral and CMI will be presented and discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.