ArticleBMC public health2009
The joint influence of area income, income inequality, and immigrant density on adverse birth outcomes: a population-based study.
Article in BMC public health, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association of neighborhood context with offspring risk of preterm birth and low birthweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2016Pooled it
- Educational inequalities in perinatal outcomes: the mediating effect of smoking and environmental tobacco exposure.PloS one · 2012Trial
- California's Comprehensive Perinatal Services Program and birth outcomes.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Perinatal Health Inequalities in the Industrial Region of Estonia: A Birth Registry-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- A Bibliometric Analysis on Research Regarding Residential Segregation and Health Based on CiteSpace.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Birth Outcomes among Descendants of Foreign-Born and US-Born Women in California: Variation by Race and Ethnicity.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2022Article
- Association Between Income and Perinatal Mortality in the Netherlands Across Gestational Age.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Intergenerational Change in Birthweight: Effects of Foreign-born Status and Race/Ethnicity.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Article
- Neighbourhood-level deprivation indices and postpartum women's health: results from the Community Child Health Network (CCHN) multi-site study.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2020Article
- Longitudinal measures of neighborhood poverty and income inequality are associated with adverse birth outcomes in Texas.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2020Article
- Article
- Preconception counselling for low health literate women: an exploration of determinants in the Netherlands.Reproductive health · 2018Article
- Maternal Socioeconomic Mobility and Preterm Delivery: A Latent Class Analysis.Maternal and child health journal · 2018Article
- Childbirth-Related Hospital Burden by Socioeconomic Status in a Universal Health Care Setting.International journal of population data science · 2018Article
- Observational
- Area-level income inequality and oral health among Australian adults-A population-based multilevel study.PloS one · 2018Article
- Mother's education and the risk of several neonatal outcomes: an evidence from an Italian population-based study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2017Article
- Scoping Review on Maternal Health among Immigrant and Refugee Women in Canada: Prenatal, Intrapartum, and Postnatal Care.Journal of pregnancy · 2017Article
- Air pollution, neighbourhood and maternal-level factors modify the effect of smoking on birth weight: a multilevel analysis in British Columbia, Canada.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Cord blood vitamin D status and neonatal outcomes in a birth cohort in Quebec, Canada.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe association between area characteristics and birth outcomes is modified by race. Whether such associations vary according to social class indicators beyond race has not been assessed.
methodsThis study evaluated effect modification by maternal birthplace and education of the relationship between neighbourhood characteristics and birth outcomes of newborns from 1999-2003 in the province of Québec, Canada (N = 353,120 births). Areas (N = 143) were defined as administrative local health service delivery districts. Multi-level logistic regression was used to model the association between three area characteristics (median household income, immigrant density and income inequality) and the two outcomes preterm birth (PTB) and small-for-gestational age (SGA) birth. Effect modification by social class indicators was evaluated in analyses stratified according to maternal birthplace and education.
resultsRelative to the lowest tertile, high median household income was associated with SGA birth among Canadian-born mothers (odds ratio (OR) 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06, 1.20) and mothers with high school education or less (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02, 1.24). Associations between median household income and PTB were weaker. Relative to the highest tertile, low immigrant density was associated with a lower odds of PTB among foreign-born mothers (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63, 1.00) but a higher odds of PTB among Canadian-born mothers (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07, 1.21). Associations with income inequality were weak or absent.
conclusionThe association between area factors and birth outcomes is modified by maternal birthplace and education. Studies have found that race interacts in a similar manner. Public health policies focussed on perinatal health must consider the interaction between individual and area characteristics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.