ArticleJournal of cellular and molecular medicine2009
The missing link between indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mediated antibacterial and immunoregulatory effects.
Article in Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of the Tyrosine/Nitrotyrosine pathway with death or ICU admission within 30 days for patients with community acquired pneumonia.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Immune modulatory vaccines targeting tumor microenvironment antigens: recent advances in oncology and beyond.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Low-dose chronic exposure to hemin and kynurenine enhances metabolic adaptation in a colorectal cancer cell model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Could circulating biomarkers of nitrosative stress and protein glycoxidation be useful in patients with gastric cancer?Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- A Review of Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Is There Any Potential?Frontiers in oral health · 2021Review
- Association of Taurine with In-Hospital Mortality in Patients after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Results from the Prospective, Observational COMMUNICATE Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity During Acute Toxoplasmosis and the Suppressed T Cell Proliferation in Mice.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- Type I Interferons, Autophagy and Host Metabolism in Leprosy.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Increased Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Quinolinic Acid Expression in Microglia and Müller Cells of Diabetic Human and Rodent Retina.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2017Article
- Major Developments in the Design of Inhibitors along the Kynurenine Pathway.Current medicinal chemistry · 2017Review
- Article
- Tryptophan metabolism, disposition and utilization in pregnancy.Bioscience reports · 2015Review
- Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is dysregulated in inflammation, and immune activation.Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) · 2015Review
- Helicobacter pylori and serum kynurenine-tryptophan ratio in patients with colorectal cancer.World journal of gastroenterology · 2015Article
- Antiviral and Immunoregulatory Effects of Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase in Hepatitis C Virus Infection.Journal of innate immunity · 2015Article
- Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO)-reactive T cells differ in their functional characteristics in health and cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2015Article
- Human osteoclasts are inducible immunosuppressive cells in response to T cell-derived IFN-γ and CD40 ligand in vitro.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2014Article
- Cytomegalovirus infection impairs immunosuppressive and antimicrobial effector functions of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells.Mediators of inflammation · 2014Article
- Dipterinyl calcium pentahydrate inhibits intracellular mycobacterial growth in human monocytes via the C-C chemokine MIP-1β and nitric oxide.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The interferon (IFN)-gamma-inducible tryptophan degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has not only been recognized as a potent antimicrobial effector molecule for the last 25 years but was recently found also to have potent immunoregulatory properties. In this study, we provide evidence that both tryptophan starvation and production of toxic tryptophan metabolites are involved in the immunoregulation mediated by IDO, whereas tryptophan starvation seems to be the only antibacterial effector mechanism. A long-studied controversy in the IDO research field is the seemingly contradictory effect of IDO in the defence against infectious diseases. On the one hand, IFN-gamma-induced IDO activity mediates an antimicrobial effect, while at the same time IDO inhibits T-cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production. Here, we suggest that both effects, dependent on the threshold for tryptophan, cooperate in a reasonable coherence. We found that the minimum concentration of tryptophan required for bacterial growth is 10-40-fold higher than the minimum concentration necessary for T-cell activation. Therefore, we suggest that during the first phase of infection the IDO-mediated tryptophan depletion has a predominantly antimicrobial effect whereas in the next stage, and with ongoing tryptophan degradation, the minimum threshold concentration of tryptophan for T-cell activation is undercut, resulting in an inhibition of T-cell growth and subsequent IDO activation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.