ArticleAnnals of family medicine
Does diabetes double the risk of depression?
Article in Annals of family medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Protection Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.Journal of diabetes research · 2024Pooled it
- Treatment for comorbid depressive disorder or subthreshold depression in diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Altered functional connectivity of brain regions based on a meta-analysis in patients with T2DM: A resting-state fMRI study.Brain and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Psychological interventions for diabetes-related distress in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Incidence and risk of depression associated with diabetes in adults: evidence from longitudinal studies.Community mental health journal · 2015Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for the onset of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetologia · 2010Pooled it
- First-Degree Family History of Diabetes Is Associated With the Presence of Depressive Symptoms Independent of Lifestyle Risk Factors and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors.Journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Comorbidity in primary care - causal or casual? A longitudinal observational study in family medicine.BMC primary care · 2024Observational
- Metabolic Profile and Long-Term Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress-Related Disorders.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- The effect and mechanism of Jiao-tai-wan in the treatment of diabetes mellitus with depression based on network pharmacology and experimental analysis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2021Article
- Meta-analysis of studies on depression prevalence among diabetes mellitus patients in Africa.Heliyon · 2021Article
- Altered Functional Connectivity of Insular Subregions in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Functional Disconnection of the Angular Gyrus Related to Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- Diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk for major depressive disorder in women than in men.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Article
- Altered Cerebellar-Cerebral Circuits in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
- Diabetes increases the risk of depression: A systematic review, meta-analysis and estimates of population attributable fractions based on prospective studies.Preventive medicine reports · 2019Review
- Risk of Depression and Suicidality among Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2018Review
- Long Chain n-3 Fatty Acids Improve Depression Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Iranian journal of public health · 2018Article
- The Impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Emotional Wellbeing and Glycemic Control of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of diabetes research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeIn this study, we compared the rate of depression diagnoses in adults with and without diabetes mellitus, while carefully controlling for number of primary care visits.
methodsWe matched adults with incident diabetes (n = 2,932) or prevalent diabetes (n = 14,144) to nondiabetic control patients based on (1) age and sex, or (2) age, sex, and number of outpatient primary care visits. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between various predictors and a diagnosis of depression in each diabetes cohort relative to matched nondiabetic control patients.
resultsWith matching for age and sex alone, patients with prevalent diabetes having few primary care visits were significantly more likely to have a new depression diagnosis than matched control patients (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.80), but this relationship diminished when patients made more than 10 primary care visits (OR = 0.95, 95% CI, 0.77-1.17). With additional matching for number of primary care visits, patients with prevalent diabetes mellitus with few primary care visits were more likely to have a new diagnosis of depression than those in control group (OR = 1.32, 95% CI, 1.07-1.63), but this relationship diminished and reversed when patients made more than 4 primary care visits (OR = 0.99, 95% CI, 0.80-1.23). Similar results were observed in the subset of patients with incident diabetes and their matched control patients.
conclusionsPatients with diabetes have little or no increase in the risk of a new diagnosis of depression relative to nondiabetic patients when analyses carefully control for the number of outpatient visits. Studies showing such an association may have inadequately adjusted for comorbidity or for exposure to the medical care system.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.