ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Legumes regulate Rhizobium bacteroid development and persistence by the supply of branched-chain amino acids.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
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Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated multi-omics decipher the complex nodule microbiota and distinct Frankiaceae symbiotic traits in wild actinorhizal plants.The New phytologist · 2026Article
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- Symbiosis-associated UMAMIT transporters required for establishing efficient nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Developmental fates and N2-fixing efficiency of terminally-differentiated versus undifferentiated bacteroids from legume nodules.Plant physiology · 2026Article
- Symbiosome membrane-localized cationic amino acid transporters support symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula.Plant communications · 2026Article
- Bacillus populations restore amino acid metabolism in Mesorhizobium under saline-alkali stress to enhance nitrogen fixation efficiency.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Morphology ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Division of labor in the nodule: Plant GluTRs fuel heme biosynthesis for symbiosis.The Plant cell · 2025Article
- The Involvement of Amino Acid Metabolism in the Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance Adaptation inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Mediated Root Metabolic Reprogramming for Arsenic Tolerance in Soybean.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Differential gene expression of salt-tolerant alfalfa in response to salinity and inoculation by Ensifer meliloti.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- Aspartate aminotransferase ofMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2024Article
- Reconstruction of the genome-scale metabolic network model ofFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Comparative genomics reveals insight into the phylogeny and habitat adaptation of novelFrontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Rice bacterial leaf blight drives rhizosphere microbial assembly and function adaptation.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- What determines symbiotic nitrogen fixation efficiency in rhizobium: recent insights into Rhizobium leguminosarum.Archives of microbiology · 2023Review
- Reconstructing herbivore diets: a multivariate statistical approach to interpreting amino acid nitrogen isotope values.Oecologia · 2023Article
- Review
- The putative transporter MtUMAMIT14 participates in nodule formation in Medicago truncatula.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Competition in thePlant and soil · 2023Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
One of the largest contributions to biologically available nitrogen comes from the reduction of N(2) to ammonia by rhizobia in symbiosis with legumes. Plants supply dicarboxylic acids as a carbon source to bacteroids, and in return they receive ammonia. However, metabolic exchange must be more complex, because effective N(2) fixation by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae bacteroids requires either one of two broad-specificity amino acid ABC transporters (Aap and Bra). It was proposed that amino acids cycle between plant and bacteroids, but the model was unconstrained because of the broad solute specificity of Aap and Bra. Here, we constrain the specificity of Bra and ectopically express heterologous transporters to demonstrate that branched-chain amino acid (LIV) transport is essential for effective N(2) fixation. This dependence of bacteroids on the plant for LIV is not due to their known down-regulation of glutamate synthesis, because ectopic expression of glutamate dehydrogenase did not rescue effective N(2) fixation. Instead, the effect is specific to LIV and is accompanied by a major reduction in transcription and activity of LIV biosynthetic enzymes. Bacteroids become symbiotic auxotrophs for LIV and depend on the plant for their supply. Bacteroids with aap bra null mutations are reduced in number, smaller, and have a lower DNA content than wild type. Plants control LIV supply to bacteroids, regulating their development and persistence. This makes it a critical control point for regulation of symbiosis.
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