Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19597012›Full record

ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2009

Resistance to therapies for infection by Plasmodium vivax.

J Kevin Baird

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02691910 (Efficacy of Chloroquine), which is not on this map. Cited by 152 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
152citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
32.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02691910 phase2 / phase3completednot on this mapstarted 2014, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy of Chloroquine (CQ) Alone Compared to Concomitant CQ and Primaquine (PQ) for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Vivax Infection

TypeinterventionalSponsorOswaldo Cruz FoundationRan2014 to 2015Enrolled204ConditionsMalaria, VivaxArmsChloroquine, Primaquine
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

152 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 263 citations in OpenAlex.

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92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.

J Kevin BairdEijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jalan Diponegoro No. 69, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia. kbaird@eocru.org
Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology · ID

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The gravity of the threat posed by vivax malaria to public health has been poorly appreciated. The widely held misperception of Plasmodium vivax as being relatively infrequent, benign, and easily treated explains its nearly complete neglect across the range of biological and clinical research. Recent evidence suggests a far higher and more-severe disease burden imposed by increasingly drug-resistant parasites. The two frontline therapies against vivax malaria, chloroquine and primaquine, may be failing. Despite 60 years of nearly continuous use of these drugs, their respective mechanisms of activity, resistance, and toxicity remain unknown. Although standardized means of assessing therapeutic efficacy against blood and liver stages have not been developed, this review examines the provisional in vivo, ex vivo, and animal model systems for doing so. The rationale, design, and interpretation of clinical trials of therapies for vivax malaria are discussed in the context of the nuance and ambiguity imposed by the hypnozoite. Fielding new drug therapies against real-world vivax malaria may require a reworking of the strategic framework of drug development, namely, the conception, testing, and evaluation of sets of drugs designed for the cure of both blood and liver asexual stages as well as the sexual blood stages within a single therapeutic regimen.

Indexed as

Drug ResistanceAnimalsAntimalarialsChloroquineFolic Acid AntagonistsHumansMalaria, VivaxPlasmodium vivaxPrimaquineTreatment OutcomeAntimalarialsChloroquineFolic Acid AntagonistsPrimaquine

Identifiers

PMID19597012
PMCPMC2708388
OpenAlexW2132107151

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.