ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2009
Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nalidixic acid-a good marker of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms inMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- The Mechanisms Involved in the Fluoroquinolone Resistance ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates from fattening pigs in Spain.BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
- Evolution of ß-lactams, fluroquinolones and colistin resistance and genetic profiles inItalian journal of food safety · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Trends in Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Multi-Drug-Resistance Non-TyphoidalInfection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Genotypic Diversity of Ciprofloxacin Nonsusceptibility and Its Relationship with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations in NontyphoidalAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Contribution of Different Mechanisms to Ciprofloxacin Resistance inFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- [Active surveillance of nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains with nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype (2014-2019)].Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2020Article
- Antibiotics in Food Chain: The Consequences for Antibiotic Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine: An Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Identifying emerging trends in antimicrobial resistance using Salmonella surveillance data in poultry in Spain.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2020Article
- Transmission of Chromosomal MDR DNA Fragment Encoding Ciprofloxacin Resistance by a Conjugative Helper Plasmid inFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Chromosomal and plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance in human Salmonella enterica infection in Ghana.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Transmission of ciprofloxacin resistance inEmerging microbes & infections · 2019Article
- Evolution and transmission of a conjugative plasmid encoding both ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone resistance in Salmonella.Emerging microbes & infections · 2019Article
- Quinolone resistance phenotype and genetic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum isolates in China, during 2011 to 2016.BMC microbiology · 2018Article
- Identification and Characterization of Conjugative Plasmids That Encode Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Salmonella.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Detection of Salmonella spp. with the BACTEC 9240 Automated Blood Culture System in 2008 - 2014 in Southern Iran (Shiraz): Biogrouping, MIC, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Isolates.Jundishapur journal of microbiology · 2016Article
- SOS response and its regulation on the fluoroquinolone resistance.Annals of translational medicine · 2015Review
- Increasing prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant food-borne Salmonella strains harboring multiple PMQR elements but not target gene mutations.Scientific reports · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains with a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype were isolated from patients returning from Thailand or Malaysia to Finland. A total of 10 isolates of seven serovars were studied in detail, all of which had reduced susceptibility (MIC > or = 0.125 microg/ml) to ciprofloxacin but were either susceptible or showed only low-level resistance (MIC < or = 32 microg/ml) to nalidixic acid. Phenotypic characterization included susceptibility testing by the agar dilution method and investigation of efflux activity. Genotypic characterization included the screening of mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE by PCR and denaturing high-pressure liquid chromatography and the amplification of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qnrD, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and qepA by PCR. PMQR was confirmed by plasmid analysis, Southern hybridization, and plasmid transfer. No mutations in the QRDRs of gyrA, gyrB, parC, or parE were detected with the exception of a Thr57-Ser substitution within ParC seen in all but the S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains. The qnrA and qnrS genes were the only PMQR determinants detected. Plasmids carrying qnr alleles were transferable in vitro, and the resistance phenotype was reproducible in Escherichia coli DH5alpha transformants. These data demonstrate the emergence of a highly mobile qnr genotype that, in the absence of mutation within topoisomerase genes, confers the nontypical quinolone resistance phenotype in S. enterica isolates. The qnr resistance mechanism enables bacteria to survive elevated quinolone concentrations, and therefore, strains carrying qnr alleles may be able to expand during fluoroquinolone treatment. This is of concern since nonclassical quinolone resistance is plasmid mediated and therefore mobilizable.
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