ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2009
S region sequence, RNA polymerase II, and histone modifications create chromatin accessibility during class switch recombination.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- A dynamic RNA hub facilitates activation-induced cytidine deaminase recruitment to the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus.Molecular cell · 2026Article
- CFP1 promotes B cell class switch recombination through the regulation of S region germline transcription and proliferation.iScience · 2026Article
- Somatic hypermutation patterns are shaped by both motif position and sequence grammar.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- A dynamic RNA hub facilitates activation induced cytidine deaminase recruitment to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- DOT1L activity limits transcription elongation velocity and favors RNAPII pausing to facilitate mutagenesis by AID.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genetic screening identifies Ube2v1 as a suppressor of immunoglobulin class switch recombination in CH12F3 cells.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Interpretable deep learning reveals the role of an E-box motif in suppressing somatic hypermutation of AGCT motifs within human immunoglobulin variable regions.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Roles of G4-DNA and G4-RNA in Class Switch Recombination and Additional Regulations in B-Lymphocytes.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- XLID syndrome gene Med12 promotes Ig isotype switching through chromatin modification and enhancer RNA regulation.Science advances · 2022Article
- Promoter Proximity Defines Mutation Window for VJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Ig Enhancers Increase RNA Polymerase II Stalling at Somatic Hypermutation Target Sequences.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Review
- Small Molecule Inhibitors of Activation-Induced Deaminase Decrease Class Switch Recombination in B Cells.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2021Article
- IgH 3' regulatory region increases ectopic class switch recombination.PLoS genetics · 2021Article
- UnAIDed Class Switching in Activated B-Cells Reveals Intrinsic Features of a Self-Cleaving IgH Locus.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Long-Range Control of Class Switch Recombination by Transcriptional Regulatory Elements.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- What Targets Somatic Hypermutation to the Immunoglobulin Loci?Viral immunology · 2020Review
- Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Immunoglobulin class switch recombination is governed by long-range interactions between enhancers and germline transcript promoters to activate transcription and modulate chromatin accessibility to activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). However, mechanisms leading to the differential targeting of AID to switch (S) regions but not to constant (C(H)) regions remain unclear. We show that S and C(H) regions are dynamically modified with histone marks that are associated with active and repressed chromatin states, respectively. Chromatin accessibility is superimposable with the activating histone modifications, which extend throughout S regions irrespective of length. High density elongating RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is detected in S regions, suggesting that the transcription machinery has paused and stalling is abolished by deletion of the S region. We propose that RNAP II enrichment facilitates recruitment of histone modifiers to generate accessibility. Thus, the histone methylation pattern produced by transcription localizes accessible chromatin to S regions, thereby focusing AID attack.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.