ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Cellular responses to mycobacterial antigens are present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid used in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Immunopathogenesis of Sarcoidosis.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Immune mechanisms of granuloma formation in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- Mycobacterial Heat Shock Proteins in Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Peripheral Blood Transcriptome in Patients with Sarcoidosis-Associated Uveitis.Ocular immunology and inflammation · 2022Article
- Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Noninfectious Granulomatous Lung Disease.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Review
- Sarcoidosis: Updates on therapeutic drug trials and novel treatment approaches.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- CD4+ T cells in the lungs of acute sarcoidosis patients recognize an Aspergillus nidulans epitope.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
- A Primer on the Clinical Aspects of Sarcoidosis for the Basic and Translational Scientist.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Differential transcriptomics in sarcoidosis lung and lymph node granulomas with comparisons to pathogen-specific granulomas.Respiratory research · 2020Article
- Novel protein pathways in development and progression of pulmonary sarcoidosis.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Anti-inflammatory effects of α-MSH through p-CREB expression in sarcoidosis like granuloma model.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Environmental Risk Factors for Sarcoidosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- PPARγ Deficiency in Carbon Nanotube-elicited Granulomatous Inflammation Promotes a Th17 Response to a Microbial Antigen.Journal of nanomedicine & nanotechnology · 2020Article
- Adaptive Immunity in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis and Chronic Beryllium Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ Deficiency Exacerbates Fibrotic Response to Mycobacteria Peptide in Murine Sarcoidosis Model.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2019Article
- Host Transcriptomics as a Tool to Identify Diagnostic and Mechanistic Immune Signatures of Tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Local and Systemic CD4Journal of immunology research · 2017Article
- Programmed Death-1 Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/AKT/Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Signaling Impairs Sarcoidosis CD4American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Considerable evidence supports the concept that CD4(+) T cells are important in sarcoidosis pathogenesis, but the antigens responsible for the observed Th1 immunophenotype remain elusive. The epidemiologic association with bioaerosols and the presence of granulomatous inflammation support consideration of mycobacterial antigens. To explore the role of mycobacterial antigens in sarcoidosis immunopathogenesis, we assessed the immune recognition of mycobacterial antigens, the 6-kDa early secreted antigenic protein (ESAT-6) and catalase-peroxidase (KatG), by T cells derived from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained during diagnostic bronchoscopy. We report the presence of antigen-specific recognition of ESAT-6 and KatG in T cells from BAL fluid of 32/44 sarcoidosis subjects, compared to 1/27 controls (P < 0.0001). CD4(+) T cells were primarily responsible for immune recognition (32/44 sarcoidosis subjects), although CD8(+) T-cell responses were observed (25/41 sarcoidosis subjects). Recognition was significantly absent from BAL fluid cells of patients with other lung diseases, including infectious granulomatous diseases. Blocking of Toll-like receptor 2 reduced the strength of the observed immune response. The presence of immune responses to mycobacterial antigens in cells from BAL fluid used for sarcoidosis diagnosis suggests a strong association between mycobacteria and sarcoidosis pathogenesis. Inhibition of immune recognition with monoclonal antibody against Toll-like receptor 2 suggests that induction of innate immunity by mycobacteria contributes to the polarized Th1 immune response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.