ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2009
Use of supplements of multivitamins, vitamin C, and vitamin E in relation to mortality.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of the role of vitamin insufficiencies and supplementation in COPD.Respiratory research · 2010Pooled it
- Multivitamins in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease: the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) randomized clinical trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Multivitamin Use and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Men.The Journal of nutrition · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Vitamin B Complex Encapsulation in Bacterial Nanocellulose: A Novel System for Heat and Chemical Stabilization in Food Products.Polymers · 2024Article
- Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin E.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Nutrient deficiency patterns and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older adults with hypertension: a latent class analysis.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Multivitamin Use and Mortality Risk in 3 Prospective US Cohorts.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Association of Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Potential with Mortality: Results from the Third National Nutrition Examination Survey.Journal of research in health sciences · 2023Article
- Design and baseline characteristics of participants in the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS).Contemporary clinical trials · 2022Article
- A Narrative Review of the Safety of Anti-COVID-19 Nutraceuticals for Patients with Cancer.Cancers · 2021Review
- Association of Antioxidants Use with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Study of the UK Biobank.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The Role of Nutritional Support in Cured/Chronic Patients.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Use of dietary supplements in relation to urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Environmental research · 2019Article
- A role for plant science in underpinning the objective of global nutritional security?Annals of botany · 2018Review
- Article
- Dietary supplement use in the older population of Iceland and association with mortality.The British journal of nutrition · 2017Article
- Inflammatory potential of diet and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Study.European journal of nutrition · 2017Article
- Vitamins, Are They Safe?Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2016Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In this cohort study, the authors evaluated how supplemental use of multivitamins, vitamin C, and vitamin E over a 10-year period was related to 5-year total mortality, cancer mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Participants (n = 77,719) were Washington State residents aged 50-76 years who completed a mailed self-administered questionnaire in 2000-2002. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using Cox regression. Multivitamin use was not related to total mortality. However, vitamin C and vitamin E use were associated with small decreases in risk. In cause-specific analyses, use of multivitamins and use of vitamin E were associated with decreased risks of CVD mortality. The hazard ratio comparing persons who had a 10-year average frequency of multivitamin use of 6-7 days per week with nonusers was 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.70, 0.99); and the hazard ratio comparing persons who had a 10-year average daily dose of vitamin E greater than 215 mg with nonusers was 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.59, 0.88). In contrast, vitamin C use was not associated with CVD mortality. Multivitamin and vitamin E use were not associated with cancer mortality. Some of the associations we observed were small and may have been due to unmeasured healthy behaviors that were more common in supplement users.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.