ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2009
IFN regulatory factor 4 regulates the expression of a subset of Th2 cytokines.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Adaptor molecules mediate negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory pathways: a closer look.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The role of transcription factors in shaping regulatory T cell identity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- STAT3 Signaling Heterogeneity Underlies Cytokine-Expressing Fate in Th17 Cultures.ImmunoHorizons · 2023Article
- T helper 2 cells in asthma.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Lineage origin and transcriptional control of autoantigen-specific T-regulatory type 1 cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Roles of interferon regulatory factor 4 in the AKI-CKD transition, glomerular diseases and kidney allograft rejection.Renal failure · 2023Review
- Viral long non-coding RNA regulates virus life-cycle and pathogenicity.Molecular biology reports · 2022Review
- JunB Is Critical for Survival of T Helper Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Immunoregulation by antibody secreting cells in inflammation, infection, and cancer.Immunological reviews · 2021Review
- On Deep Landscape Exploration of COVID-19 Patients Cells and Severity Markers.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Re-Programming Autoreactive T Cells Into T-Regulatory Type 1 Cells for the Treatment of Autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Transcription Factor Bhlhe40 in Immunity and Autoimmunity.Trends in immunology · 2020Review
- The Role of Interleukin-9 in Cancer.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2020Review
- A Synchronous IRF4-Dependent Gene Regulatory Network in B and Helper T Cells Orchestrating the Antibody Response.Trends in immunology · 2020Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Th2 cells can be subdivided into subpopulations depending on the level of a cytokine and the subsets of cytokines they produce. We have recently identified the ETS family transcription factor PU.1 as regulating heterogeneity in Th2 populations. To define additional factors that might contribute to Th2 heterogeneity, we examined the PU.1 interacting protein IFN-regulatory factor (IRF)4. When Th2 cells are separated based on levels of IL-10 secretion, IRF4 expression segregates into the subset of Th2 cells expressing high levels of IL-10. Infection of total Th2 cells, and IL-10 nonsecreting cells, with retrovirus-expressing IRF4, resulted in increased IL-4 and IL-10 expression, no change in IL-5 or IL-13 production and decreased Il9 transcription. Transfection of an IRF4-specific small interfering RNA into Th2 cells decreases IL-10 production. IRF4 directly binds the Il10 gene as evidenced by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and regulates Il10 control elements in a reporter assay. IRF4 interacts with PU.1, and in PU.1-deficient T cells there was an increase in IRF4 binding to the Il10 gene, and in the ability of IRF4 to induce IL-10 production compared with wild-type cells and Il10 promoter activity in a reporter assay. Further heterogeneity of IRF4 expression was observed in Th2 cells analyzed for expression of multiple Th2 cytokines. Thus, IRF4 promotes the expression of a subset of Th2 cytokines and contributes to Th2 heterogeneity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.