ArticleBMC public health2009
Geographical patterns in blood lead in relation to industrial emissions and traffic in Swedish children, 1978-2007.
Article in BMC public health, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metals and trace element concentrations in breast milk of first time healthy mothers: a biological monitoring study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2012Trial
- Article
- Effects of co-exposure to lead and manganese on learning and memory deficits.Journal of environmental sciences (China) · 2022Article
- Risk factors for children's blood lead levels in metal mining and smelting communities in Armenia: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Influence of abatement of lead exposure in Croatia on blood lead and ALAD activity.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2016Article
- Autism spectrum disorder prevalence and proximity to industrial facilities releasing arsenic, lead or mercury.The Science of the total environment · 2015Article
- Incense burning at home and the blood lead level of preschoolers in Taiwan.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2014Article
- A review of the epidemiological methods used to investigate the health impacts of air pollution around major industrial areas.Journal of environmental and public health · 2013Review
- Advantages of the use of deciduous teeth, hair, and blood analysis for lead and cadmium bio-monitoring in children. A study of 6-year-old children from Krakow (Poland).Biological trace element research · 2011Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBlood lead concentrations (B-Pb) were measured in 3 879 Swedish school children during the period 1978-2007. The objective was to study the effect of the proximity to lead sources based on the children's home and school location.
methodsThe children's home address and school location were geocoded and their proximity to a lead smelter and major roads was calculated using geographical information system (GIS) software. All the statistical analyses were carried out using means of generalized log-linear modelling, with natural-logarithm-transformed B-Pb, adjusted for sex, school year, lead-exposing hobby, country of birth and, in the periods 1988-1994 and 1995-2007, parents' smoking habits.
resultsThe GIS analysis revealed that although the emission from the smelter and children's B-Pb levels had decreased considerably since 1978, proximity to the lead smelter continued to affect levels of B-Pb, even in recent years (geometric mean: near smelter: 22.90 microg/l; far from smelter 19.75 microg/l; p = 0.001). The analysis also revealed that proximity to major roads noticeably affected the children's B-Pb levels during the period 1978-1987 (geometric mean near major roads: 44.26 microg/l; far from roads: 38.32 microg/l; p = 0.056), due to the considerable amount of lead in petrol. This effect was, however, not visible after 1987 due to prohibition of lead in petrol.
conclusionThe results show that proximity to the lead smelter still has an impact on the children's B-Pb levels. This is alarming since it could imply that living or working in the vicinity of a former lead source could pose a threat years after reduction of the emission. The analysis also revealed that urban children exposed to lead from traffic were only affected during the early period, when there were considerable amounts of lead in petrol, and that the prohibition of lead in petrol in later years led to reduced levels of lead in the blood of urban children.
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