ArticleJournal of virology2009
Defining APOBEC3 expression patterns in human tissues and hematopoietic cell subsets.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 232 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
232 citing papers in PubMed, 328 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lack of association between intact/deletion polymorphisms of the APOBEC3B gene and HIV-1 risk.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Deconvolution of HIV-1 Mutational Signatures Reveals Dominant and Donor-Specific APOBEC3-Associated Mutagenesis Across Anatomical Compartments.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Squamous-state excursions activate APOBEC3A in cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Reprogramming tumor immunity through APOBEC3s-mediated mutagenesis: from genome instability to immune checkpoint interactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cross-omics mapping of the human HIV restrictome across clinical states, immune-cell compartments, and protein responses.PloS one · 2026Article
- Hypoxia-mimicked mitochondrial stress triggers APOBEC3A-mediated DNA damage via non-canonical innate immune activation.NAR molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- APOBEC3A drives ovarian cancer metastasis by altering epithelial-mesenchymal transition.JCI insight · 2025Article
- APOBEC3-Related Editing and Non-Editing Determinants of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 Restriction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Variability in HIV-1 transmitted/founder virus susceptibility to combined APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G host restriction.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Impact of APOBEC3s on the occurrence, development and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Future oncology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Her2 amplification, Rel-A, and Bach1 can influence APOBEC3A expression in breast cancer cells.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- APOBEC3G Is a p53-Dependent Restriction Factor in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection of Human Cells Included in the p53/Immune Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Mitochondrial double-stranded RNA triggers induction of the antiviral DNA deaminase APOBEC3A and nuclear DNA damage.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2023Article
- Article
- Different Patterns of Codon Usage and Amino Acid Composition across Primate Lentiviruses.Viruses · 2023Article
- Structural insights into RNA bridging between HIV-1 Vif and antiviral factor APOBEC3G.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Treated chronic hepatitis B is a good prognostic factor of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2023Article
- Evolutionary potential of the monkeypox genome arising from interactions with human APOBEC3 enzymes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Article
172 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human APOBEC3 enzymes are cellular DNA cytidine deaminases that inhibit and/or mutate a variety of retroviruses, retrotransposons, and DNA viruses. Here, we report a detailed examination of human APOBEC3 gene expression, focusing on APOBEC3G (A3G) and APOBEC3F (A3F), which are potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection but are suppressed by HIV-1 Vif. A3G and A3F are expressed widely in hematopoietic cell populations, including T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells, as well as in tissues where mRNA levels broadly correlate with the lymphoid cell content (gonadal tissues are exceptions). By measuring mRNA copy numbers, we find that A3G mRNA is approximately 10-fold more abundant than A3F mRNA, implying that A3G is the more significant anti-HIV-1 factor in vivo. A3G and A3F levels also vary between donors, and these differences are sustained over 12 months. Responses to T-cell activation or cytokines reveal that A3G and A3F mRNA levels are induced approximately 10-fold in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) by alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) and approximately 4-fold in naïve CD4(+) T cells. However, immunoblotting revealed that A3G protein levels are induced by IFN-alpha in macrophages and DCs but not in T cells. In contrast, T-cell activation and IFN-gamma had a minimal impact on A3G or A3F expression. Finally, we noted that A3A mRNA expression and protein expression are exquisitely sensitive to IFN-alpha induction in CD4(+) T cells, macrophages, and DCs but not to T-cell activation or other cytokines. Given that A3A does not affect HIV-1 infection, these observations imply that this protein may participate in early antiviral innate immune responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.