ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2009
The lytic potential of human liver NK cells is restricted by their limited expression of inhibitory killer Ig-like receptors.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multidimensional plasticity of natural killer cells in tumours.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- NK cell education: Physiological and pathological influences.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Immunobiology of the biliary tract system.Journal of hepatology · 2022Review
- Plasticity of NK cells in Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Lipid Metabolism in Tumor-Associated Natural Killer Cells.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Review
- Phenotypic and Functional Plasticity of CXCR6Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Role of Natural Killer Cells in Uveal Melanoma.Cancers · 2020Review
- Identification of a Porcine Liver EomesFrontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Extensive Alternative Splicing of KIR Transcripts.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Molecular Mechanisms Directing Migration and Retention of Natural Killer Cells in Human Tissues.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Article
- Liver-resident NK cells and their potential functions.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2017Article
- Expression of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A correlates with increased liver and splenic NK cell response to activating receptor engagement.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2017Article
- Article
- Developmental and Functional Control of Natural Killer Cells by Cytokines.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Cognate HLA absence in trans diminishes human NK cell education.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2016Article
- Humanized mice efficiently engrafted with fetal hepatoblasts and syngeneic immune cells develop human monocytes and NK cells.Journal of hepatology · 2016Article
- Emerging insights into natural killer cells in human peripheral tissues.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2016Review
- Tissue-Specific Education of Decidual NK Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- NK cell receptor imbalance and NK cell dysfunction in HBV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The human liver is enriched in NK cells which are potent effectors of the innate immune system. We have determined that liver NK cells freshly isolated from surgical specimens from patients with hepatic malignancy have less cytolytic activity than autologous blood NK cells. This difference was due to a higher proportion of CD16(-) NK cells in the liver and reduced cytotoxicity by CD16(+) liver NK cells compared with their blood counterparts. CD16(+) liver NK cells had similar expression of activating NK receptors and had similar intracellular granzyme B and perforin content compared with CD16(+) blood NK cells. CD16(+) liver NK cells contained a reduced fraction of cells with inhibitory killer Ig-like receptors specific for self-MHC class I (self-killer Ig-related receptor (KIR)) and an increased fraction of self-KIR(neg)NKG2A(pos) and self-KIR(neg)NKG2A(neg) cells. Using single-cell analysis of intracellular IFN-gamma production and cytotoxicity assays, we determined that CD16(+) liver NK cells expressing self-KIR were more responsive to target cells than those cells that did not express self-KIR molecules. CD16(+) liver NK cells gained cytolytic function when stimulated with IL-2 or cultured with LPS or poly(I:C)-activated autologous liver Kupffer cells. Thus, the human liver contains NK cell subsets which have reduced effector function, but under appropriate inflammatory conditions become potent killers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.