Trial reportAIDS (London, England)2009
Foreskin inflammation is associated with HIV and herpes simplex virus type-2 infections in Rakai, Uganda.
Trial report in AIDS (London, England), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV shedding from male circumcision wounds in HIV-infected men: a prospective cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2015Trial
- HIV acquisition is associated with increased antimicrobial peptides and reduced HIV neutralizing IgA in the foreskin prepuce of uncircumcised men.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- Patterns of Sexually Transmitted Co-infections and Associated Factors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shenyang, China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Hyaluronic acid is a negative regulator of mucosal fibroblast-mediated enhancement of HIV infection.Mucosal immunology · 2021Article
- Biologic interactions between HSV-2 and HIV-1 and possible implications for HSV vaccine development.Vaccine · 2019Review
- Article
- Penile Immune Activation and Risk of HIV Shedding: A Prospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Article
- Prevalence, incidence and correlates of HSV-2 infection in an HIV incidence adolescent and adult cohort study in western Kenya.PloS one · 2017Article
- Article
- Article
- Current Concepts for Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Diagnostics and Pathogenesis of Genital Tract Shedding.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2016Review
- Voluntary medical male circumcision in resource-constrained settings.Nature reviews. Urology · 2015Review
- Microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus infection.Clinics in laboratory medicine · 2014Review
- Injectable bioadhesive hydrogels with innate antibacterial properties.Nature communications · 2014Article
- Natural killer cell and T-cell subset distributions and activation influence susceptibility to perinatal HIV-1 infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2014Article
- Article
- Male circumcision: a globally relevant but under-utilized method for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.Annual review of medicine · 2014Review
- The oral mucosa immune environment and oral transmission of HIV/SIV.Immunological reviews · 2013Review
- Human papillomavirus clearance among males is associated with HIV acquisition and increased dendritic cell density in the foreskin.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Article
- Male circumcision: integrating tradition and medical evidence.The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
designWe assessed foreskin inflammation associated with HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in circumcised men.
methodsForeskin tissues were assessed in 97 HIV-infected and 135 HIV-uninfected men enrolled in randomized trials of circumcision in Rakai, Uganda. Inflammation was quantified using an ordinal score evaluating extent, intensity, and cellular composition of infiltrates in the epithelium and stroma. Prevalence rate ratios of inflammation were estimated by multivariate Poisson regression.
resultsForeskin inflammation was primarily focal. Epithelial inflammation was present in 4.2% of men with neither HIV nor HSV-2 infection; 7.8% of men with only HSV-2; 19.0% with HIV alone (P = 0.04); and 31.6% in HIV/HSV-2 coinfected men [prevalence rate ratio (PRR) 7.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3-23.8, P < 0.001]. Stromal inflammation was present in 14.1% of HIV/HSV-2 uninfected men, compared with 29.7% in men with HSV-2 alone (P = 0.03), 33.3% in men with HIV alone (P = 0.04), and 61.0% in men with HIV/HSV-2 coinfection (PRR 4.3, 95% CI 2.3-7.9, P < 0.001). In HIV-infected men, epithelial inflammation was associated with higher HIV viral load. Epithelial inflammation was more frequent among men reporting recent genital ulceration. Both epithelial and stromal inflammation were more common among men with smegma on physical examination.
conclusionForeskin inflammation is increased with HIV and HSV-2 infections, higher HIV viral load and presence of smegma. Foreskin inflammation may have implications for HIV transmission and acquisition in uncircumcised men.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.