ArticleAIDS (London, England)2009
Correlates of HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and associated high-risk behaviors among male clients of female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- The burden of HIV infection among men who purchase sex in low- and middle-income countries - a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Buffering Syndemic Effects in a Sexual Risk-Reduction Intervention for Male Clients of Female Sex Workers: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.American journal of public health · 2015Trial
- Hombre Seguro (Safe Men): a sexual risk reduction intervention for male clients of female sex workers.BMC public health · 2014Trial
- Effects of government registration on unprotected sex amongst female sex workers in Tijuana; Mexico.The International journal on drug policy · 2010Trial
- Knowledge and Preventive Practices Toward COVID-19 Among Sex Workers in Chiang Mai, Thailand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- WaSH insecurity and anxiety among people who inject drugs in the Tijuana-San Diego border region.BMC public health · 2024Article
- A cross-sectional survey exploring HIV and HCV prevalence among men who purchase sex in Dnipro, Ukraine.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Overlapping Key Populations and HIV Transmission in Tijuana, Mexico: A Modelling Analysis of Epidemic Drivers.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- Conflict and Risky Health Behavior: Evidence from Mexico's Drug War.Journal of development economics · 2021Article
- Commercial Sex Work During Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Era in the Niger Delta Region: Relationships Between Knowledge, Preventive Practice, and Transmission Potential.International journal of women's health · 2021Article
- COVID-19 Prevention and Protecting Sex Workers: A Call to Action.Archives of sexual behavior · 2020Article
- Inconsistent Condom Use Among Female Sex Workers: Partner-specific Influences of Substance Use, Violence, and Condom Coercion.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- Enhanced immigration enforcement in the USA and the transnational continuity of HIV care for Latin American immigrants in deportation proceedings.The lancet. HIV · 2018Article
- Barriers to HIV testing among male clients of female sex workers in Indonesia.International journal for equity in health · 2018Article
- Deportation and mental health among migrants who inject drugs along the US-Mexico border.Global public health · 2018Article
- A mixed methods study of the social support networks of female sex workers and their primary noncommercial male partners in Tijuana, Mexico.Journal of mixed methods research · 2018Article
- Sexual Risk, Behavior, and HIV Testing and Status among Male and Transgender Women Sex Workers and their Clients in Lima, Peru.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2018Article
- HIV Prevalence and Risk Behaviors in Male to Female (MTF) Transgender Persons in Tijuana, Mexico.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- Behavioral and Psychosocial Correlates of HIV Testing Among Male Clients of Female Sex Workers in Tijuana, Mexico.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Hospitalized Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran.International journal of high risk behaviors & addiction · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine sociodemographic and behavioral correlates of HIV infection among male clients of female sex workers (FSWs) in Tijuana.
methodsFour hundred men aged 18 years or older who had paid or traded for sex with a FSW in Tijuana during the past 4 months were recruited in Tijuana's 'zone of tolerance,' where prostitution is practiced openly under a municipal permit system. Efforts were made to balance the sample between residents of the United States (San Diego County) and of Mexico (Tijuana). Participants underwent interviews and testing for HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, and Chlamydia. Logistic regression identified correlates of HIV infection.
resultsMean age was 36.6 years. One-quarter had injected drugs within the previous 4 months. Lifetime use of heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine was 36, 50, and 64%, respectively. Men had frequented FSWs for an average of 11 years, visiting FSWs an average of 26 times last year. In the past 4 months, one-half reported having unprotected sex with a FSW; 46% reported being high fairly or very often when having sex with a FSW. Prevalence of HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, and Chlamydia was 4, 2, 2.5, and 7.5%; 14.2% were positive for at least one infection. Factors independently associated with HIV infection were living in Mexico, ever using methamphetamine, living alone, and testing positive for syphilis.
conclusionMale clients of FSWs in Tijuana had a high sex and drug risk profile. Although sexually transmitted infection prevalence was lower than among FSWs, HIV prevalence was comparable suggesting the need for interventions among clients to prevent spread of HIV and sexually transmitted infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.