ArticleMolecular cancer research : MCR2009
CXCR4 and matrix metalloproteinase-1 are elevated in breast carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and in normal mammary fibroblasts exposed to factors secreted by breast cancer cells.
Article in Molecular cancer research : MCR, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of CXCR4 expression with clinicopathological significance and potential drug target in prostate cancer: a meta-analysis and literature review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2015Pooled it
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- Microenvironmental regulation and remodeling of breast cancer angiogenesis: from basic mechanisms to clinical therapeutic implications.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Crosstalk between heterogeneous cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations and the immune system in breast cancer: key players and promising therapeutic targets.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Unlocking the crucial role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumor metastasis: Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- The power of many: Multilevel targeting of representative chemokine and metabolite GPCRs in personalized cancer therapy.European journal of immunology · 2024Review
- Construction of a prognostic model for autophagy in Wilm's tumor.Pediatric surgery international · 2024Article
- Nano-Drug Delivery Systems Targeting CAFs: A Promising Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Forces at play: exploring factors affecting the cancer metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- BMSC-HNC Interaction: Exploring Effects on Bone Integrity and Head and Neck Cancer Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- BRAF Mutations in Melanoma: Biological Aspects, Therapeutic Implications, and Circulating Biomarkers.Cancers · 2023Review
- The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer metastasis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Aberrant regulation of CXCR4 in cancer via deviant microRNA-targeted interactions.Epigenetics · 2022Review
- Exosomal microRNAs synergistically trigger stromal fibroblasts in breast cancer.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
- Signaling pathways in cancer-associated fibroblasts and targeted therapy for cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2021Review
- The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.Cancers · 2021Review
- MMP1 and MMP11 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells upon Their Interaction with Breast Cancer Cells and Fibroblasts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The complex molecular communications that occur between neoplastic and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment play an integral role in breast cancer pathogenesis. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) produce tumor-enhancing factors and have been strongly implicated in breast cancer development. Similar to the way in which tumors have been compared with "wounds that never heal," CAFs have been equated to activated fibroblasts, which are present in inflammatory environments, in which they aid in wound healing through tissue remodeling and repair. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and G protein-coupled receptor, CXCR4, are elevated in these activated fibroblasts, in which they facilitate angiogenesis and matrix degradation, processes that are also vital to breast cancer metastasis. In this study, we investigated MMP-1 and CXCR4 expression in normal human mammary fibroblasts (HMF) exposed to soluble breast cancer factors. Historically, elevated CXCR4 expression is associated with breast cancer cells. However, we show that soluble factors secreted by SUM102 breast cancer cells stimulated the expression of MMP-1 and CXCR4 in HMFs. As a result, these stromal cells acquired an invasive and migratory phenotype. To confirm the clinical relevancy of our findings, we analyzed CAFs obtained from primary breast cancers. These cells also displayed elevated MMP-1 and CXCR4 levels compared with counterpart fibroblasts, and were more invasive and migratory. Together, our data suggest that soluble breast cancer factors initiate the transdifferentiation of normal HMFs to tumor-promoting CAFs, and that through the induction of MMP-1 and CXCR4 levels, these cells exhibit an invasive and migratory phenotype.
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