ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2009
Insulin resistance in adolescents with type 2 diabetes is associated with impaired exercise capacity.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02045290 (Metformin Therapy for Overweight Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 118 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Metformin Therapy for Overweight Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)--Insulin Clamp Ancillary Study for Assessment of Insulin Resistance
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 198 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Physical Activity in Pediatric Diabetes: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Higher Body Fat in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Rosiglitazone improves insulin resistance but does not improve exercise capacity in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance: A randomized clinical study.Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research · 2024Trial
- Bromocriptine Improves Central Aortic Stiffness in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Arterial Health Results From the BCQR-T1D Study.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2023Trial
- Impact of continuous vs. interval training on oxygen extraction and cardiac function during exercise in type 2 diabetes mellitus.European journal of applied physiology · 2022Trial
- Precision and accuracy of hyperglycemic clamps in a multicenter study.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Relationship to Arterial Stiffness in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) Study.Diabetes care · 2019 · on this mapTrial
- Sitagliptin improves diastolic cardiac function but not cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2019Trial
- Metformin Improves Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Effects of low dose metformin in adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study.Pediatric diabetes · 2015Trial
- Alterations in left ventricular, left atrial, and right ventricular structure and function to cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with type 2 diabetes participating in the TODAY clinical trial.Pediatric diabetes · 2015 · on this mapTrial
- Effects of exercise and lifestyle modification on fitness, insulin resistance, skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation and intramyocellular lipid content in obese children and adolescents.Pediatric obesity · 2014Trial
- Lipid and inflammatory cardiovascular risk worsens over 3 years in youth with type 2 diabetes: the TODAY clinical trial.Diabetes care · 2013 · on this mapTrial
- The Prognostic Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Mortality in Diabetes Patients With and Without Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- A ketogenic diet enhances aerobic exercise adaptation and promotes muscle mitochondrial remodeling in hyperglycemic male mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: What We've Learned From Key Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Studies, What We Still Don't Know, and Why It Is Important.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Independent influence of type 2 diabetes on reduced cardiopulmonary fitness in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Kidney Energetics and Cyst Burden in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2024Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextThe incidence of pediatric type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rising, with unclear effects on the cardiovascular system. Cardiopulmonary fitness, a marker of morbidity and mortality, is abnormal in adults with T2D, yet the mechanisms are incompletely understood.
objectiveWe hypothesized that cardiopulmonary fitness would be reduced in youth with T2D in association with insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular dysfunction. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsWe conducted a cross-sectional study at an academic hospital that included 14 adolescents (age range, 12-19 yr) with T2D, 13 equally obese adolescents and 12 lean adolescents similar in age, pubertal stage, and activity level.
main outcome measuresCardiopulmonary fitness was measured by peak oxygen consumption (VO(2)peak) and oxygen uptake kinetics (VO(2)kinetics), IR by hyperinsulinemic clamp, cardiac function by echocardiography, vascular function by venous occlusion plethysmography, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, intramyocellular lipid by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and inflammation by serum markers.
resultsAdolescents with T2D had significantly decreased VO(2)peak and insulin sensitivity, and increased soleus intramyocellular lipid, C-reactive protein, and IL-6 compared to obese or lean adolescents. Adolescents with T2D also had significantly prolonged VO(2)kinetics, decreased work rate, vascular reactivity, and adiponectin, and increased left ventricular mass and fatty acids compared to lean adolescents. In multivariate linear regression analysis, IR primarily, and fasting free fatty acids and forearm blood flow secondarily, were significant independent predictors of VO(2)peak.
conclusionsGiven the strong relationship between decreased cardiopulmonary fitness and increased mortality, these findings in children are especially concerning and represent early signs of impaired cardiac function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.