ArticlePharmaceutical research2009
An ex vivo toe model used to assess applicators for the iontophoretic ungual delivery of terbinafine.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Design, Development, and Evaluation of Constant Voltage Iontophoresis for the Transungual Delivery of Efinaconazole.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Formulation-by-Design of Efinaconazole Spanlastic Nanovesicles for Transungual Delivery Using Statistical Risk Management and Multivariate Analytical Techniques.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Constant Voltage Iontophoresis Technique to Deliver Terbinafine via Transungual Delivery System: Formulation Optimization Using Box-Behnken Design and In Vitro Evaluation.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Iontophoresis to Overcome the Challenge of Nail Permeation: Considerations and Optimizations for Successful Ungual Drug Delivery.The AAPS journal · 2021Review
- Enhancing Permeation of Drug Molecules Across the Skin via Delivery in Nanocarriers: Novel Strategies for Effective Transdermal Applications.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Trans-ungual delivery of itraconazole hydrochloride by iontophoresis.Drug development and industrial pharmacy · 2015Article
- Lateral drug diffusion in human nails.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAn ex vivo intact toe model was developed to assess two different applicator designs for iontophoretic delivery of terbinafine into the nail only or the nail and surrounding skin.
methodsIontophoretic permeation studies were carried out on intact cadaver toes using nail-only and nail/skin applicators with a current dose of 10 mA*min (0.5 mA for 20 min).
resultsIontophoresis enhanced drug permeation and tissue loading with both applicators tested. Greater drug delivery was observed with the nail/skin applicator due to the additional terbinafine being delivered directly through the lower impedance skin area surrounding the nail. The concentration of drug loaded into the contact area of the nail with the nail-only and nail/skin applicator was ~13 and ~7 fold higher than their respective passive delivery levels but equivalent from each other in total drug mass delivered over the whole nail plate. In vitro release of drug from the iontophoretically loaded nails into agar suggests that a single treatment could have a prolonged effect (>50 days).
conclusionsThis study demonstrates that the ex vivo toe model was useful in assessing the functionality of the different applicator designs. These results suggest that iontophoresis can significantly enhance the delivery of drugs to both the hard and soft tissues of the toe for the treatment of onychomycosis and other nail disorders.
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