ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2009
B-cell-directed therapies for autoimmune disease.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral CD5+ B cells in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Targeting B-Cell-Activating Factor and Its Receptor in Immune Thrombocytopenia and Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia.American journal of hematology · 2026Review
- [Practical management of Sjögren's disease in the era of new treatment options : Current value of available outcome parameters].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2026Article
- Compartmentalized B cell-microglia crosstalk drives ischemic white matter demyelination.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of ripertamab in immune-mediated glomerular diseases with proteinuria: an expanded real-world cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Nanotechnology-driven strategies for gene therapy of arthritis.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Persistent B Cell Depletion After Rituximab for Autoimmune and Glomerular Diseases: A Case Series.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of ripertamab for treating primary membranous nephropathy among adults: a multicenter, retrospective, real-world study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Observational
- Impact of alemtuzumab-mediated lymphocyte depletion on SIV reservoir establishment and persistence.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- AT1-AA Is Produced in Offspring in Response to Placental Ischemia and Is Lowered by B-Cell Depletion Without Compromising Overall Offspring Health.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Aberrant Activation of Immune and Non-Immune Cells Contributes to Joint Inflammation and Bone Degradation in Rheumatoid Arthritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Induction of cross-reactive, mucosal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in rheumatoid arthritis patients after 3rd dose of COVID-19 vaccination.Journal of autoimmunity · 2022Article
- Review
- Pharmacological Aspects of Natural Quercetin in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Review
- Article
- Local immunoglobulin production in nasal tissues: A key to pathogenesis in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2021Review
- Neuraminidase Inhibitor Zanamivir Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- B cells polarize pathogenic inflammatory T helper subsets through ICOSL-dependent glycolysis.Science advances · 2020Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Approval of the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis in patients who fail to respond to anti-tumor-necrosis-factor agents has raised interest in B-cell-directed therapy for this disease. A number of direct and indirect modalities with distinct mechanisms of action are being investigated, including anti-CD20 and anti-CD22 therapies, and new approaches for blocking members of the tumor necrosis factor cytokine family including B cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation ligand (APRIL), which are at late stages of clinical development. Clinical experience is most extensive with rituximab, and suggests that targeting 'autoimmune' memory B cells is a feasible approach for treating autoimmune disease. Although anti-CD20 therapy has only been approved for rheumatoid arthritis thus far, data suggest this approach could be valid for other autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, vasculitides, autoimmune cytopenias, and neurologic and dermatologic autoimmune diseases. Additional studies of direct and indirect B-cell-directed treatments are needed before we can draw conclusions as to the value of this approach in patients with various autoimmune diseases and whether more precisely defined techniques than these are required to target the complex humoral system effectively.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.