ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Further characterization of the epa gene cluster and Epa polysaccharides of Enterococcus faecalis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers.
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86 citing papers in PubMed, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
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- zol and fai: large-scale targeted detection and evolutionary investigation of gene clusters.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
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- A diverse set of Enterococcus-infecting phage provides insight into phage host-range determinants.Virus research · 2024Article
- Genomic diversity, antibiotic resistance, and virulence in South African Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus lactis isolates.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2024Article
- Arginine impacts aggregation, biofilm formation, and antibiotic susceptibility inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
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- Enterococcal bacteriophage: A survey of the tail associated lysin landscape.Virus research · 2023Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
We previously identified a gene cluster, epa (for enterocococcal polysaccharide antigen), involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis of Enterococcus faecalis and showed that disruption of epaB and epaE resulted in attenuation in translocation, biofilm formation, resistance to polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) killing, and virulence in a mouse peritonitis model. Using five additional mutant disruptions in the 26-kb region between orfde2 and OG1RF_0163, we defined the epa locus as the area from epaA to epaR. Disruption of epaA, epaM, and epaN, like prior disruption of epaB and epaE, resulted in alteration in Epa polysaccharide content, more round cells versus oval cells with OG1RF, decreased biofilm formation, attenuation in a mouse peritonitis model, and resistance to lysis by the phage NPV-1 (known to lyse OG1RF), while mutants disrupted in orfde2 and OG1RF_163 (the epa locus flanking genes) behaved like OG1RF in those assays. Analysis of the purified Epa polysaccharide from OG1RF revealed the presence of rhamnose, glucose, galactose, GalNAc, and GlcNAc in this polysaccharide, while carbohydrate preparation from the epaB mutant did not contain rhamnose, suggesting that one or more of the glycosyl transferases encoded by the epaBCD operon are necessary to transfer rhamnose to the polysaccharide. In conclusion, the epa genes, uniformly present in E. faecalis strains and involved in biosynthesis of polysaccharide in OG1RF, are also important for OG1RF shape determination, biofilm formation, and NPV-1 replication/lysis, as well as for E. faecalis virulence in a mouse peritonitis model.
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