ArticleImmunity2009
Recognition of 5' triphosphate by RIG-I helicase requires short blunt double-stranded RNA as contained in panhandle of negative-strand virus.
Article in Immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 448 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
448 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 773 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The NLRP3 inflammasome at the crossroads of innate immune signaling and cell death.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 defective viral genomes from distinct genomic regions drive divergent interferon responses.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- PKR engages viral RNA and intron-retained host transcripts during poxvirus infection.Cell reports · 2026Article
- RIG-I-dependent sensing of PEDV shapes epithelial antiviral immunity in the intestinal mucosa.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Terminal loop sequences in viral double-stranded RNAs modulate RIG-I signaling.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Article
- CTLA-4 Antisense Oligonucleotide Contributes to Enhanced Immunogenicity of an Adjuvanted RecombinantVaccines · 2026Article
- RIG-I Stimulation Enhances the Effector Function and Proliferation of Primary Human CD8+ T Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sensing of double-stranded RNA in human cells: molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- Designing nucleic acid-based therapeutics for cancer treatment: Updates on the state of the art.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Review
- Intrinsic OASL expression governs heterogeneity in interferon induction during influenza A virus infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Circular nucleic acids at the host-virus interface: from immune modulation to therapeutic innovation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Engineering the poly(A) tail for therapeutic mRNA: from expression control to manufacturing robustness.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Innate immune sensing of alphavirus chikungunya: balancing antiviral defense and pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Innate Immune and Inflammatory Responses to Dengue Virus Infection.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive View on the Mechanisms of Coronavirus Escaping Innate Immunity.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Toward unraveling molecular grammars for dsRNA-binding proteins: substrate recognition to binding mechanisms.BMB reports · 2025Review
388 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Antiviral immunity is triggered by immunorecognition of viral nucleic acids. The cytosolic helicase RIG-I is a key sensor of viral infections and is activated by RNA containing a triphosphate at the 5' end. The exact structure of RNA activating RIG-I remains controversial. Here, we established a chemical approach for 5' triphosphate oligoribonucleotide synthesis and found that synthetic single-stranded 5' triphosphate oligoribonucleotides were unable to bind and activate RIG-I. Conversely, the addition of the synthetic complementary strand resulted in optimal binding and activation of RIG-I. Short double-strand conformation with base pairing of the nucleoside carrying the 5' triphosphate was required. RIG-I activation was impaired by a 3' overhang at the 5' triphosphate end. These results define the structure of RNA for full RIG-I activation and explain how RIG-I detects negative-strand RNA viruses that lack long double-stranded RNA but do contain blunt short double-stranded 5' triphosphate RNA in the panhandle region of their single-stranded genome.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.