Trial reportClinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry2009
HIV-1 clade C infection and progressive disruption in the relationship between cortisol, DHEAS and CD4 cell numbers: a two-year follow-up study.
Trial report in Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in Neurocognitive Function in Adults with HIV: Patterns, Predictors, and Mechanisms.Current psychiatry reports · 2019Pooled it
- Low-Dose Hydrocortisone and Cognition in Women With HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Remitted depression and cognition in HIV: The role of cortisol and inflammation.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2020Trial
- A single low dose of hydrocortisone enhances cognitive functioning in HIV-infected women.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Trial
- A pilot feasibility and acceptability study of yoga/meditation on the quality of life and markers of stress in persons living with HIV who also use crack cocaine.Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) · 2015Trial
- Association of antiretroviral therapy regimens with serum cortisol abnormalities in people living with HIV/AIDS: a retrospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The relationship of hair glucocorticoid levels to immunological and virological outcomes in a large cohort of combination antiretroviral therapy treated people living with HIV.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Low Neuroactive Steroids Identifies a Biological Subtype of Depression in Adults with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Immune variations throughout the course of tuberculosis treatment and its relationship with adrenal hormone changes in HIV-1 patients co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2021Article
- Assessing endocrine and immune parameters in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients before and after the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2018Article
- Childhood maltreatment and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders share similar pathophysiology: a potential sensitisation mechanism?Metabolic brain disease · 2017Review
- Miniaturized devices for point of care molecular detection of HIV.Lab on a chip · 2017Review
- Correlation of baseline hormonal disorders with immunological failure and mortality in male HIV patients during follow-up.Medicine · 2016Article
- 5α-reduced progestogens ameliorate mood-related behavioral pathology, neurotoxicity, and microgliosis associated with exposure to HIV-1 Tat.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2016Article
- Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection from infancy to adult life - the mechanism of inflammation triggering and long-term impacts.Journal of biomedical science · 2015Review
- Psychosocial and Neurohormonal Predictors of HIV Disease Progression (CD4 Cells and Viral Load): A 4 Year Prospective Study.AIDS and behavior · 2015Article
- Role of serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level on the clearance of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.Journal of gastroenterology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is well established that there is mutual interaction between the neuroendocrines and immune systems and that the disturbance in any one system could affect the function of the other. While there is a large body of evidence suggesting negative impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1B (HIV-1B) infection on both immune and neuroendocrine systems, the consequence of HIV-1 clade C infection (with structural differences from HIV-1B virus) on these systems is not clearly understood.
methodsWe carried out a 2-year longitudinal study on plasma profile of adrenocorticosteroids, including cortisol and DHEAS and their relationship with declining CD4+ cell counts in neurologically asymptomatic HIV-C infected individuals (N=84) in order to understand the impact of HIV-1 clade C infection on adrenocortical dysfunction and its relationship with the progressive decline in the cell mediated immunity.
resultsWe found that while plasma cortisol levels increased significantly at baseline in HIV-1C infected individuals compared to those in HIV-negative controls (HIV-1C+, 9.83+/-0.39 vs controls, 8.04+/-0.45; p<0.01), there was a significant decrease in DHEAS in HIV-1C+ individuals, compared to that in HIV-negative controls (81.02+/-4.9 vs 185.1+/-12.03, p<0.001), and consequently a significant increase in cortisol:DHEAS ratio in HIV-1 clade C infected persons (0.19+/-0.002 vs control 0.058+/-0.006; p<0.001). Moreover, in HIV-1C infected individuals, there was a strong positive correlation between DHEAS and CD4 cells (r=0.2; p<0.05), and a strong negative correlation between cortisol, as well as cortisol:DHEAS ratio and CD4 cells (r=-0.25; p<0.01; and r=-0.31; p<0.001, respectively).
conclusionsThese findings suggest the persistent and progressive adrenocortical dysfunction during the asymptomatic phase of HIV infection, and that the evaluation of increase in plasma cortisol, a decrease in DHEAS, and an increase in cortisol:DHEAS ratio may serve as important biomarkers preceding the impending down regulation of CD4 cell counts and progressive decline in the immune system function in HIV-1C infection. Furthermore, these findings may indicate the dysregulation of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) activity, the enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of cortisol and DHEA through the pregnenolone-progesterone pathway, and that it may offer an opportunity for drug discovery targeting re-regulation of 3beta-HSD activity for potential therapeutic application in HIV-1C infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.