Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19571245›Full record

ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2009

Early origin of the bilaterian developmental toolkit.

Douglas H Erwin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
13.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 139 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. An Increase in Animal Diversity was Facilitated by Ecologically-Driven Brain Complexity Throughout the Cambrian.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  2. Early nervous system development in the chaetognathFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Analysis of theCell genomics · 2023
    Article
  5. Transposon-derived transcription factors across metazoans.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. A largely invariant marine dissolved organic carbon reservoir across Earth's history.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Development and evolution of the metazoan heart.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2019
    Review
  12. Stem cell differentiation trajectories inScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2019
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Ancient role ofHereditas · 2017
    Article
  15. Synthetic transitions: towards a new synthesis.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2016
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Douglas H ErwinDepartment of Paleobiology, MRC-121, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. erwind@si.edu
National Museum of Natural History · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Whole-genome sequences from the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis, the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens and the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis have confirmed results from comparative evolutionary developmental studies that much of the developmental toolkit once thought to be characteristic of bilaterians appeared much earlier in the evolution of animals. The diversity of transcription factors and signalling pathway genes in animals with a limited number of cell types and a restricted developmental repertoire is puzzling, particularly in light of claims that such highly conserved elements among bilaterians provide evidence of a morphologically complex protostome-deuterostome ancestor. Here, I explore the early origination of elements of what became the bilaterian toolkit, and suggest that placozoans and cnidarians represent a depauperate residue of a once more diverse assemblage of early animals, some of which may be represented in the Ediacaran fauna (c. 585-542 Myr ago).

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionPhylogenyAnimalsAnthozoaEukaryotaEvolution, MolecularFossilsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGrowth and DevelopmentPlacozoaSignal TransductionSpecies SpecificityTranscription FactorsTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID19571245
PMCPMC2873006
OpenAlexW2161852472

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.