Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19567888›Full record

SynthesisThe British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science2009

Prenatal risk factors for autism: comprehensive meta-analysis.

Hannah Gardener, Donna Spiegelman, Stephen L Buka

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 270 papers, 24 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
270citing papers in PubMed, 24 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

270 citing papers in PubMed, 24 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  8. Early exposure to agricultural pesticides and the occurrence of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2022
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210 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Hannah GardenerDepartment of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Post Office Box 016960 (M712), Miami, FL 33101, USA. hgardener@med.miami.edu
Donna Spiegelman
Stephen L Buka

Funding

Training Program in Psychiatric Genetics and Translational ResearchT32MH017119 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI KARESTAN C KOENEN, Jukka-Pekka Onnela · 1985 to 2026
$8.9M
NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH017119NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH17119
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe aetiology of autism is unknown, although prenatal exposures have been the focus of epidemiological research for over 40 years.

aimsTo provide the first quantitative review and meta-analysis of the association between maternal pregnancy complications and pregnancy-related factors and risk of autism.

methodPubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched for epidemiological studies that examined the association between pregnancy-related factors and autism. Forty studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Summary effect estimates were calculated for factors examined in multiple studies.

resultsOver 50 prenatal factors have been examined. The factors associated with autism risk in the meta-analysis were advanced parental age at birth, maternal prenatal medication use, bleeding, gestational diabetes, being first born v. third or later, and having a mother born abroad. The factors with the strongest evidence against a role in autism risk included previous fetal loss and maternal hypertension, proteinuria, pre-eclampsia and swelling.

conclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to implicate any one prenatal factor in autism aetiology, although there is some evidence to suggest that exposure to pregnancy complications may increase the risk.

Indexed as

Pregnancy ComplicationsAutistic DisorderBirth OrderDiabetes, GestationalEmigration and ImmigrationFemaleFetal HypoxiaHumansParentsPregnancyPrevalenceRegression AnalysisRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID19567888
PMCPMC3712619

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.