ArticleCancer research2009
Breast cancer lung metastasis requires expression of chemokine receptor CCR4 and regulatory T cells.
Article in Cancer research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 169 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
169 citing papers in PubMed, 306 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mogamulizumab in Combination with Nivolumab in a Phase I/II Study of Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Trial
- CCR-CCL axes as key upstream influencers of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: CCR2-CCL2, CCR5-CCL5, CCR4-CCL17/22, CCR6-CCL20, CCR7-CCL19/21.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Anti-HER2×CCR4 bispecific antibody enhances antitumor immunity in advanced HER2-positive tumors by chemotaxis blockade and depletion of tumor-associated Tregs, without inducing systemic toxicity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- A distinct population of CD8Nature aging · 2025Article
- Lung metastases.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Lung-specific metastasis: the coevolution of tumor cells and lung microenvironment.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Exploring thymic stromal lymphopoietin in the breast cancer microenvironment: A preliminary study.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Unraveling the breast cancer tumor microenvironment: crucial factors influencing natural killer cell function and therapeutic strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- The immunomodulatory role of tumor-initiating cells in digestive system tumors: from mechanisms to therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Macrophage Transcriptomic Alterations Driven by Alphavirus-Based Cancer Immunotherapy Vectors.Journal of immunology research · 2025Article
- Macrophages promote pre-metastatic niche formation of breast cancer through aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Article
- Metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic resistance in primary and metastatic breast cancer.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Review
- Mechanism insights and therapeutic intervention of tumor metastasis: latest developments and perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Genetically evaluating the causal role of peripheral immune cells in colorectal cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Guardians and Mediators of Metastasis: Exploring T Lymphocytes, Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Breast Cancer Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Cell fusion between tumor cells and macrophages promotes the metastasis of OSCC patient through the activation of the chemokine signaling pathway.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Activation of the CCL22/CCR4 causing EMT process remodeling under EZH2-mediated epigenetic regulation in cervical carcinoma.Journal of Cancer · 2024Article
- Forces at play: exploring factors affecting the cancer metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Biomarkers in Cancer Detection, Diagnosis, and Prognosis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
109 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. More needs to be learned about mechanisms that control this process. In particular, the role of chemokine receptors in metastasis remains controversial. Here, using a highly metastatic breast cancer (4T1) model, we show that lung metastasis is a feature of only a proportion of the tumor cells that express CCR4. Moreover, the primary tumor growing in mammary pads activates remotely the expression of TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 in the lungs. These chemokines acting through CCR4 attract both tumor and immune cells. However, CCR4-mediated chemotaxis was not sufficient to produce metastasis, as tumor cells in the lung were efficiently eliminated by natural killer (NK) cells. Lung metastasis required CCR4(+) regulatory T cells (Treg), which directly killed NK cells using beta-galactoside-binding protein. Thus, strategies that abrogate any part of this process should improve the outcome through activation of effector cells and prevention of tumor cell migration. We confirm this prediction by killing CCR4(+) cells through delivery of TARC-fused toxins or depleting Tregs and preventing lung metastasis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.