Trial reportBlood2009
Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome patients with erythropoietin with or without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: results of a prospective randomized phase 3 trial by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E1996).
Trial report in Blood, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00003138 (Phase III Evaluation of EPO With or Without G-CSF Versus Supportive Therapy Alone in the Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes), which is not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase III Evaluation of EPO With or Without G-CSF Versus Supportive Therapy Alone in the Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 204 citations in OpenAlex.
- When intestinal ulceration meets hematologic malignancies: clinical features and mortality from a pooled individual-patient data systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of thrombopoietin receptor agonist on health-related quality of life and platelet transfusion burden for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of hematology · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing azacitidine and decitabine for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome.Systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of darbepoetin alpha in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of haematology · 2016Pooled it
- Granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors for newly diagnosed patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Guideline
- Myelodysplastic syndromes: clinical practice guidelines in oncology.Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN · 2013Guideline
- NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: myelodysplastic syndromes.Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN · 2011Guideline
- A phase 2 clinical trial of luspatercept in non-transfusion-dependent patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.International journal of hematology · 2025Trial
- A phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled study assessing the efficacy and safety of epoetin-α in anemic patients with low-risk MDS.Leukemia · 2018Trial
- The use of immunosuppressive therapy in MDS: clinical outcomes and their predictors in a large international patient cohort.Blood advances · 2018Trial
- A phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled trial of darbepoetin alfa in patients with anemia and lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.Leukemia · 2017Trial
- Are somatic mutations predictive of response to erythropoiesis stimulating agents in lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes?Haematologica · 2016Trial
- Trial
- A randomized controlled trial comparing darbepoetin alfa doses in red blood cell transfusion-dependent patients with low- or intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndromes.International journal of hematology · 2015Trial
- Relationship of different platelet response criteria and patient outcomes in a romiplostim myelodysplastic syndromes trial.Leukemia · 2014Trial
- Darbepoetin alfa for the treatment of anemia in myelodysplastic syndromes: a post-marketing surveillance study in Japan.International journal of hematology · 2026Article
- The patient voice: measuring what matters in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes treated with imetelstat.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Impact of Transfusion Dependence on Clinical and Economic Burden in Patients with Lower-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A 28-Year Retrospective Study.Journal of blood medicine · 2026Article
- Target practice: Opportunities for therapeutic intervention in CHIP and CCUS.Blood reviews · 2025Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
12 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This phase 3 prospective randomized trial evaluated the efficacy and long-term safety of erythropoietin (EPO) with or without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor plus supportive care (SC; n = 53) versus SC alone (n = 57) for the treatment of anemic patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. The response rates in the EPO versus SC alone arms were 36% versus 9.6%, respectively, at the initial treatment step, 47% in the EPO arm, including subsequent steps. Responding patients had significantly lower serum EPO levels (45% vs 5% responses for levels < 200 mU/mL vs > or = 200 mU/mL) and improvement in multiple quality-of-life domains. With prolonged follow-up (median, 5.8 years), no differences were found in overall survival of patients in the EPO versus SC arms (median, 3.1 vs 2.6 years) or in the incidence of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (7.5% and 10.5% patients, respectively). Increased survival was demonstrated for erythroid responders versus nonresponders (median, 5.5 vs 2.3 years). Flow cytometric analysis showed that the percentage of P-glycoprotein(+) CD34(+) marrow blasts was positively correlated with longer overall survival. In comparison with SC alone, patients receiving EPO with or without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor plus SC had improved erythroid responses, similar survival, and incidence of acute myeloid leukemia transformation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.