ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Major flowering time gene, flowering locus C, regulates seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers.
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130 citing papers in PubMed, 287 citations in OpenAlex.
- Uncovering the role of ABI2 as a key regulator of flowering time in Arabidopsis.Plant signaling & behavior · 2026Article
- Holistic overview of regulatory networks governing seed dormancy and germination in plants.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Does genetic variation in controlled experiments predict phenology of wild plants?Journal of evolutionary biology · 2026Article
- Agrestal Environments and Maternal Genetic Effects Weaken the Ecological Barriers for Crop to Wild Introgression in Sunflower.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Translating research on seed dormancy and germination from Arabidopsis to temperate cereals to control pre-harvest sprouting.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and applications of epigenome editing in plants: current status, challenges and future perspectives.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Review
- The KH-domain genes FLK and HOS5 integrate flowering and stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Article
- Does genetic variation in controlled experiments predict phenology of wild plants?bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Urbanization Alters Phenology, Mating System Allocation, and Life History ofEcology and evolution · 2025Article
- Epigenetics in the modern era of crop improvements.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Review
- In silico analysis of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) gene in different cultivars of Chenopodium quinoa.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Article
- Orphan geneHorticulture research · 2024Article
- An Overview on MADS Box Members in Plants: A Meta-Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Flowering time: From physiology, through genetics to mechanism.Plant physiology · 2024Review
- The Function of Florigen in the Vegetative-to-Reproductive Phase Transition in and around the Shoot Apical Meristem.Plant & cell physiology · 2024Review
- ABA INSENSITIVE 2 promotes flowering by inhibiting OST1/ABI5-dependent FLOWERING LOCUS C transcription in Arabidopsis.Journal of experimental botany · 2024Article
- Molecular Insights into the Accelerated Sprouting of and Apical Dominance Release in Potato Tubers Subjected to Post-Harvest Heat Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Alternative splicing of theForestry research · 2024Article
- High-throughput phenotyping using hyperspectral indicators supports the genetic dissection of yield in durum wheat grown under heat and drought stress.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Evolutionary Dynamics ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Flowering locus C (FLC) is a major regulator of flowering responses to seasonal environmental factors. Here, we document that FLC also regulates another major life-history transition-seed germination, and that natural variation at the FLC locus and in FLC expression is associated with natural variation in temperature-dependent germination. FLC-mediated germination acts through additional genes in the flowering pathway (FT, SOC1, and AP1) before involving the abscisic acid catabolic pathway (via CYP707A2) and gibberellins biosynthetic pathway (via GA20ox1) in seeds. Also, FLC regulation of germination is largely maternally controlled, with FLC peaking and FT, SOC1, and AP1 levels declining at late stages of seed maturation. High FLC expression during seed maturation is associated with altered expression of hormonal genes (CYP707A2 and GA20ox1) in germinating seeds, indicating that gene expression before the physiological independence of seeds can influence gene expression well after any physical connection between maternal plants and seeds exists. The major role of FLC in temperature-dependent germination documented here reveals a much broader adaptive significance of natural variation in FLC. Therefore, pleiotropy between these major life stages likely influences patterns of natural selection on this important gene, making FLC a promising case for examining how pleiotropy influences adaptive evolution.
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