ReviewAntiviral research2009
Vaccinia virus vaccines: past, present and future.
Review in Antiviral research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 276 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oncolytic Viruses for Cancer Therapy in Dogs.Viruses · 2026Pooled it
- Availability, scope and quality of monkeypox clinical management guidelines globally: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2022Pooled it
- A comprehensive overview of monkeypox virus disease.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Review
- Sero-genomic evidence for occult mpox exposure in healthy Nigerian adults.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Monkeypox Virus Countermeasures: Vaccines, Antibodies, Drugs and Traditional Chinese Medicine.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Piceatannol as a potential antiviral agent against vaccinia virus at multiple stages.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Oncolytic viruses in lung cancer: mechanisms of action and research progress.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Vaccinia virus for lung cancer therapy: preclinical progress and prospects as a systemic immunotherapy platform.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Construction and characterization of the ORF131 gene deletion strain of lumpy skin disease virus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Potential of MRNA vaccines for mpox prevention: current evidence and future directions.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Immune Response to MVA-BN Vaccination for Mpox: Current Evidence and Future Directions.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Review
- Vaccinia Virus-A Swiss Army Knife Against Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- A new attenuated and highly immunogenic orthopoxvirus vaccine protects against mpox in mice and macaques.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- A review of herbal therapeutics for the prevention and management of poxvirus infections.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Next-gen novel nanocage-based multivalent vaccine candidate to tackle the rising menace of Mpox.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Ocular Manifestations of Mpox and Other Poxvirus Infections: Clinical Insights and Emerging Therapeutic and Preventive Strategies.Vaccines · 2025Review
- An mRNA vaccine against monkeypox virus inhibits infection by co-activation of humoral and cellular immune responses.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The Application of DNA Viruses to Biotechnology.Viruses · 2025Review
- Viral genomic features predict Orthopoxvirus reservoir hosts.Communications biology · 2025Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been used more extensively for human immunization than any other vaccine. For almost two centuries, VACV was employed to provide cross-protection against variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, until the disease was eradicated in the late 1970s. Since that time, continued research on VACV has produced a number of modified vaccines with improved safety profiles. Attenuation has been achieved through several strategies, including sequential passage in an alternative host, deletion of specific genes or genetic engineering of viral genes encoding immunomodulatory proteins. Some highly attenuated third- and fourth-generation VACV vaccines are now being considered for stockpiling against a possible re-introduction of smallpox through bioterrorism. Researchers have also taken advantage of the ability of the VACV genome to accommodate additional genetic material to produce novel vaccines against a wide variety of infectious agents, including a recombinant VACV encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein that is administered orally to wild animals. This review provides an in-depth examination of these successive generations of VACV vaccines, focusing on how the understanding of poxviral replication and viral gene function permits the deliberate modification of VACV immunogenicity and virulence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.