ReviewThe Yale journal of biology and medicine2009
Use with caution: developmental systems divergence and potential pitfalls of animal models.
Review in The Yale journal of biology and medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding developmental system drift.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024Review
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): molecular mechanisms of induction and applications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Pervasive loss of regulated necrotic cell death genes in elephants, hyraxes, and sea cows (bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Are Animal Models Needed to Discover, Develop and Test Pharmaceutical Drugs for Humans in the 21st Century?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Functional Architecture of Deleterious Genetic Variants in the Genome of a Wrangel Island Mammoth.Genome biology and evolution · 2020Article
- The promise and reality of therapeutic discovery from large cohorts.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Review
- Can prospective systematic reviews of animal studies improve clinical translation?Journal of translational medicine · 2020Article
- The rise to dominance of genetic model organisms and the decline of curiosity-driven organismal research.PloS one · 2020Article
- The future of rodent models in depression research.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2019Review
- Is it possible to overcome issues of external validity in preclinical animal research? Why most animal models are bound to fail.Journal of translational medicine · 2018Review
- Pitfalls of exome sequencing: a case study of the attribution of HABP2 rs7080536 in familial non-medullary thyroid cancer.NPJ genomic medicine · 2017Article
- Hox genes, evo-devo, and the case of the ftz gene.Chromosoma · 2016Review
- ANISEED 2015: a digital framework for the comparative developmental biology of ascidians.Nucleic acids research · 2016Article
- Tunicates: exploring the sea shores and roaming the open ocean. A tribute to Thomas Huxley.Open biology · 2015Review
- Emerging from the bottleneck: benefits of the comparative approach to modern neuroscience.Trends in neurosciences · 2015Review
- Animal models in epilepsy research: legacies and new directions.Nature neuroscience · 2015Review
- Splicing landscape of the eight collaborative cross founder strains.BMC genomics · 2015Article
- Modification of spectral features by nonhuman primates.The Behavioral and brain sciences · 2014Article
- Designing phenotyping studies for genetically engineered mice.Veterinary pathology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transgenic animal models have played an important role in elucidating gene functions and the molecular basis development, physiology, behavior, and pathogenesis. Transgenic models have been so successful that they have become a standard tool in molecular genetics and biomedical studies and are being used to fulfill one of the main goals of the post-genomic era: to assign functions to each gene in the genome. However, the assumption that gene functions and genetic systems are conserved between models and humans is taken for granted, often in spite of evidence that gene functions and networks diverge during evolution. In this review, I discuss some mechanisms that generate functional divergence and highlight recent examples demonstrating that gene functions and regulatory networks diverge through time. These examples suggest that annotation of gene functions based solely on mutant phenotypes in animal models, as well as assumptions of conserved functions between species, can be wrong. Therefore, animal models of gene function and human disease may not provide appropriate information, particularly for rapidly evolving genes and systems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
19562005PMC2701150W120945591What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.