ArticleTobacco control2009
Enacting tobacco taxes by direct popular vote in the United States: lessons from 20 years of experience.
Article in Tobacco control, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- What is known about tobacco industry efforts to influence tobacco tax? A systematic review of empirical studies.Tobacco control · 2013Pooled it
- Defeating JUUL's Effort to Rewrite San Francisco's E-Cigarette Regulations.American journal of public health · 2021Article
- Nation-scale primary prevention to reduce newly incident adolescent drug use: the issue of lag time.PeerJ · 2019Article
- The Policy Dystopia Model: An Interpretive Analysis of Tobacco Industry Political Activity.PLoS medicine · 2016Article
- Unpacking commercial sector opposition to European smoke-free policy: lack of unity, 'fear of association' and harm reduction debates.Tobacco control · 2016Article
- When tobacco targets direct democracy.Journal of health politics, policy and law · 2014Article
- Economic and political influence on tobacco tax rates: a nationwide analysis of 31 years of state data.American journal of public health · 2014Article
- Behavioral medicine and the health of our nation: accelerating our impact.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2012Article
- Tobacco coverage in print media: the use of timing and themes by tobacco control supporters and opposition before a failed tobacco tax initiative.Tobacco control · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTobacco tax increases reduce tobacco use, can provide funds for tobacco prevention and enjoy broad public support. Because of tobacco industry influence in legislatures, US public health advocates have shifted the venue for tobacco tax policymaking to direct popular vote 22 times since 1988.
methodsWe combined case studies of individual state campaigns with tobacco industry documents to identify strategies related to outcome.
resultsThe tobacco industry developed a voter segmentation model to determine which tobacco tax increases it could defeat. Two industry arguments arising from this model often were raised in losing campaigns-the tax increase did not dedicate enough to tobacco control and hospitals and health maintenance organisations would profit. The industry effectively influenced early voters. Success was associated with building a strong base of public support before the campaign, dedicating sufficient funds to tobacco control, avoiding proposals largely devoted to financing hospitals and other medical service providers, effectively engaging grassroots and framing the campaign with clear justifications for cigarette tax increases.
conclusionsTobacco tax ballot measures commonly allocated substantial funds to medical services; tobacco companies are becoming more successful in making this use of funds an issue. Proponents' campaigns should be timed to account for the trend to voting well before election day. Ballot measures to increase tobacco taxes with a substantial fraction of the money devoted to tobacco control activities will probably fare better than ones that give priority to funding medical services.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.