ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2009
A combined CXCL10, CXCL8 and H-FABP panel for the staging of human African trypanosomiasis patients.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unravelling human trypanotolerance: IL8 is associated with infection control whereas IL10 and TNFα are associated with subsequent disease development.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- Sleep-Wake Dysregulation in Human African Trypanosomiasis: From Neuroinvasion to Neuronal Dysfunction.Clocks & sleep · 2026Review
- Single cell RNAseq signatures refined with combiroc enhance identification of NK cells in blood and solid tissues.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Diagnosis of cerebral malaria: Tools to reduceFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Neuroimmunology of Common Parasitic Infections in Africa.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Microarray profiling predicts early neurological and immune phenotypic traits in advance of CNS disease during disease progression in Trypanosoma. b. brucei infected CD1 mouse brains.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- The Actigraphy Sleep Score: A New Biomarker for Diagnosis, Disease Staging, and Monitoring in Human African Trypanosomiasis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Interleukin 10 and Heart Fatty Acid-Binding Protein as Early Outcome Predictors in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Generation of neuroinflammation in human African trypanosomiasis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2019Review
- Clinical and Neuropathogenetic Aspects of Human African Trypanosomiasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Mortality trends and risk factors in advanced stage-2 Human African Trypanosomiasis: A critical appraisal of 23 years of experience in the Democratic Republic of Congo.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- Neural Damage in ExperimentalFrontiers in neuroanatomy · 2018Article
- Article
- Metabolic Profiling of Central Nervous System Disease in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Expression of interferon-inducible chemokines and sleep/wake changes during early encephalitis in experimental African trypanosomiasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- CombiROC: an interactive web tool for selecting accurate marker combinations of omics data.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- IL-9 and Th9 in parasite immunity.Seminars in immunopathology · 2017Review
- H-FABP: A new biomarker to differentiate between CT-positive and CT-negative patients with mild traumatic brain injury.PloS one · 2017Article
- The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis and staging of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2016Review
- Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 Are Up Regulated in Late Stage Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Sleeping Sickness.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is a parasitic tropical disease. It progresses from the first, haemolymphatic stage to a neurological second stage due to invasion of parasites into the central nervous system (CNS). As treatment depends on the stage of disease, there is a critical need for tools that efficiently discriminate the two stages of HAT. We hypothesized that markers of brain damage discovered by proteomic strategies and inflammation-related proteins could individually or in combination indicate the CNS invasion by the parasite.
methodsCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) originated from parasitologically confirmed Trypanosoma brucei gambiense patients. Patients were staged on the basis of CSF white blood cell (WBC) count and presence of parasites in CSF. One hundred samples were analysed: 21 from stage 1 (no trypanosomes in CSF and <or=5 WBC/microL) and 79 from stage 2 (trypanosomes in CSF and/or >5 WBC/microL) patients. The concentration of H-FABP, GSTP-1 and S100beta in CSF was measured by ELISA. The levels of thirteen inflammation-related proteins (IL-1ra, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, G-CSF, VEGF, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, CCL2, CCL4, CXCL8 and CXCL10) were determined by bead suspension arrays.
resultsCXCL10 most accurately distinguished stage 1 and stage 2 patients, with a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 100%. Rule Induction Like (RIL) analysis defined a panel characterized by CXCL10, CXCL8 and H-FABP that improved the detection of stage 2 patients to 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
conclusionThis study highlights the value of CXCL10 as a single biomarker for staging T. b. gambiense-infected HAT patients. Further combination of CXCL10 with H-FABP and CXCL8 results in a panel that efficiently rules in stage 2 HAT patients. As these molecules could potentially be markers of other CNS infections and disorders, these results should be validated in a larger multi-centric cohort including other inflammatory diseases such as cerebral malaria and active tuberculosis.
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