Trial reportPLoS medicine2009
Are markers of inflammation more strongly associated with risk for fatal than for nonfatal vascular events?
Trial report in PLoS medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Social relationships and risk of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- The interleukin-6 receptor as a target for prevention of coronary heart disease: a mendelian randomisation analysis.Lancet (London, England) · 2012Pooled it
- Effect of interleukin-6 receptor blockade on surrogates of vascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: MEASURE, a randomised, placebo-controlled study.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Cardiovascular risk factors associated with lower baseline cognitive performance in HIV-positive persons.Neurology · 2010Trial
- Inflammation and Prediction of Death in Type 2 Diabetes. Evidence of an Intertwined Link With Tryptophan Metabolism.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive performance among people living with HIV: cross-sectional study in the country of Georgia.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Mendelian Randomization Studies in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases.Journal of lipid and atherosclerosis · 2024Review
- Narrative Review of Biological Markers in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure and cardiovascular events among the working-age population in Japan: findings from the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2021Article
- Association of modifiable risk factors and IL-6, CRP, and adiponectin: Findings from the 1993 Birth Cohort, Southern Brazil.PloS one · 2019Article
- Article
- Hypertension, Microvascular Pathology, and Prognosis After an Acute Myocardial Infarction.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2018Observational
- C-Reactive Protein as an Independent Cardiovascular Risk Predictor in HIV+ Patients: A Focused Review of Published Studies.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2017Review
- Social Integration and Reduced Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women: The Role of Lifestyle Behaviors.Circulation research · 2017Article
- Relationship between outdoor temperature and cardiovascular disease risk factors in older people.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2017Article
- Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Inflammatory and Hemostatic Markers in Men.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2017Article
- Altered lipoproteins in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are associated with augmented oxidative stress: a potential role in atherosclerosis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2016Article
- Biomarkers and mortality after transient ischemic attack and minor ischemic stroke: population-based study.Stroke · 2015Article
- Cardiorheumatology: cardiac involvement in systemic rheumatic disease.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2015 · on this mapReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCirculating inflammatory markers may more strongly relate to risk of fatal versus nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, but robust prospective evidence is lacking. We tested whether interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen more strongly associate with fatal compared to nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. METHODS AND
findingsIn the Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER), baseline inflammatory markers in up to 5,680 men and women aged 70-82 y were related to risk for endpoints; nonfatal CVD (i.e., nonfatal MI and nonfatal stroke [n = 672]), fatal CVD (n = 190), death from other CV causes (n = 38), and non-CVD mortality (n = 300), over 3.2-y follow-up. Elevations in baseline IL-6 levels were significantly (p = 0.0009; competing risks model analysis) more strongly associated with fatal CVD (hazard ratio [HR] for 1 log unit increase in IL-6 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44-2.12) than with risk of nonfatal CVD (1.17, 95% CI 1.04-1.31), in analyses adjusted for treatment allocation. The findings were consistent in a fully adjusted model. These broad trends were similar for CRP and, to a lesser extent, for fibrinogen. The results were also similar in placebo and statin recipients (i.e., no interaction). The C-statistic for fatal CVD using traditional risk factors was significantly (+0.017; p<0.0001) improved by inclusion of IL-6 but not so for nonfatal CVD events (p = 0.20).
conclusionsIn PROSPER, inflammatory markers, in particular IL-6 and CRP, are more strongly associated with risk of fatal vascular events than nonfatal vascular events. These novel observations may have important implications for better understanding aetiology of CVD mortality, and have potential clinical relevance.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.